Kuroda Research Unit for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan.
Res Dev Disabil. 2012 Jul-Aug;33(4):1059-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.01.014. Epub 2012 Feb 22.
This study investigates how adults in two contrasting cultures (Italian and Japanese) perceive episodes of crying of typically developing (TD) children and children with Autism Disorder (AD). Although cries of children with AD have been reported to elicit more distress in Western cultures, it is not known whether similar findings hold in Eastern cultures. In Experiment 1, we artificially modified structural parameters (fundamental frequency, duration of pauses, waveform modulation) of cries and asked Italian and Japanese adults to judge levels of expressed and felt distress in the cries. In Experiment 2, we asked Italian and Japanese adults to report these levels of distress on hearing cries of AD and TD children. In both cultures, cries with higher fundamental frequency and shorter pause durations were judged more distressing and distressed and observers perceived cries of children with AD as more distressing and distressed than cries of TD children. The similar responses in adults from two contrasting societies constitute evidence that reactions to cries of children with AD might be universal.
这项研究调查了在两种截然不同的文化（意大利和日本）中，成年人如何感知典型发育（TD）儿童和自闭症障碍（AD）儿童的哭泣事件。尽管已经报道称 AD 儿童的哭声在西方文化中会引起更多的痛苦，但在东方文化中是否存在类似的发现尚不清楚。在实验 1 中，我们人为地改变了哭声的结构参数（基频、停顿持续时间、波形调制），并要求意大利和日本成年人判断哭声中表达和感受到的痛苦程度。在实验 2 中，我们要求意大利和日本成年人在听到 AD 和 TD 儿童的哭声时报告这些痛苦程度。在两种文化中，基频较高和停顿持续时间较短的哭声被判断为更痛苦和感到痛苦，观察者认为 AD 儿童的哭声比 TD 儿童的哭声更痛苦和感到痛苦。来自两种截然不同社会的成年人的相似反应证明，对 AD 儿童哭声的反应可能是普遍的。
