University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2012 Sep;23(7):722-8. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.03.017. Epub 2012 Apr 3.
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant and a major detoxification agent in cells. It is synthesized through two-enzyme reaction catalyzed by glutamate cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase, and its level is well regulated in response to redox change. Accumulating evidence suggests that GSH may play important roles in cell signaling. This review will focus on the biosynthesis of GSH, the reaction of S-glutathionylation (the conjugation of GSH with thiol residue on proteins), GSNO, and their roles in redox signaling.
谷胱甘肽（GSH）是细胞中最丰富的抗氧化剂和主要解毒剂。它通过谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶和谷胱甘肽合成酶催化的两步酶反应合成，其水平可根据氧化还原变化进行很好的调节。越来越多的证据表明，GSH 可能在细胞信号转导中发挥重要作用。本文综述了 GSH 的生物合成、S-谷胱甘肽化反应（GSH 与蛋白质上的巯基残基的结合）、GSNO 及其在氧化还原信号转导中的作用。
