Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, BCM 286, Room N-1319, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030-3498, USA.
Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Apr 17;9(6):305-14. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.68.
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common health-care-associated infection worldwide. Although not all cases of bacteriuria result in clinical infection, several hundred thousand episodes of CAUTI occur each year in the USA alone. The milieu in which the catheter is placed is highly conducive to bacterial colonization, biofilm formation on the catheter surface, and inevitable catheter-associated bacteriuria. A multitude of novel methods of CAUTI prevention have been described, including established approaches that are routinely recommended, such as the use of a secured, closed, silicone urinary catheter drainage system that mimics normal voiding, and newer strategies focusing on biocompatible catheter materials that cause minimal host inflammatory response and retard biofilm formation. Much recent research has focused on modification of the catheter surface by either coating or impregnation with antimicrobials or antiseptics. However, clinical trials that analyse cost-effectiveness and rates of antimicrobial resistance are awaited. More recently, innovative use of iontophoresis, vibroacoustic stimulation, bacterial interference and bacteriophage cocktails has been reported.
导管相关尿路感染（CAUTI）是全球最常见的医疗保健相关感染。尽管并非所有菌尿症病例都会导致临床感染，但仅在美国，每年就会发生数十 万例 CAUTI 。导管所处的环境非常有利于细菌定植、导管表面生物膜形成和不可避免的导管相关菌尿症。已经描述了许多预防 CAUTI 的新方法，包括常规推荐的既定方法，例如使用类似于正常排尿的固定、封闭、硅胶导尿引流系统，以及侧重于生物相容性导管材料的新策略，这些材料引起最小的宿主炎症反应并延缓生物膜形成。最近的许多研究都集中在通过涂覆或浸渍抗菌剂或防腐剂来修饰导管表面。然而，仍在等待分析成本效益和抗菌药物耐药率的临床试验。最近，报道了电渗疗法、声振动刺激、细菌干扰和噬菌体鸡尾酒的创新应用。
