Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
Bioorg Chem. 2012 Aug;43:2-14. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2012.03.001. Epub 2012 Apr 2.
This review examines the mechanisms propelling cofactor-independent, organic cofactor-dependent and metal-dependent decarboxylase chemistry. Decarboxylation, the removal of carbon dioxide from organic acids, is a fundamentally important reaction in biology. Numerous decarboxylase enzymes serve as key components of aerobic and anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid conversion. In the past decade, our knowledge of the mechanisms enabling these crucial decarboxylase reactions has continued to expand and inspire. This review focuses on the organic cofactors biotin, flavin, NAD, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyruvoyl, and thiamin pyrophosphate as catalytic centers. Significant attention is also placed on the metal-dependent decarboxylase mechanisms.
本文综述了推动辅因子非依赖型、有机辅因子依赖型和金属依赖型脱羧酶化学的机制。脱羧作用是从有机酸中去除二氧化碳，是生物学中一个基本的重要反应。许多脱羧酶酶作为有氧和无氧碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸转化的关键组成部分。在过去的十年中，我们对这些关键脱羧酶反应的机制的认识不断扩展和深入。本文综述了生物素、黄素、NAD、吡哆醛 5′-磷酸、丙酮酸和硫胺素焦磷酸作为催化中心的有机辅因子。此外，还对金属依赖型脱羧酶机制给予了高度关注。
