School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2012 Nov;15(6):532-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.02.005. Epub 2012 Apr 26.
Resistance training in untrained adolescents can positively effect health-related fitness as well as improve muscular power and sports performance. The impact of resistance training on adolescent athletes is less clear. The purpose of this review is to determine the effectiveness of resistance training programs on muscular power and sports performance in adolescent athletes.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published studies investigating resistance training in adolescent athlete populations.
A systematic search of Medline, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases was conducted on 21st March 2011 to identify studies evaluating resistance training programs on power and sports performance in adolescent athletes.
Thirty-four studies were identified. All but two of the studies reported at least one statistically significant improvement in an alactic muscular power outcome. The most common indicators of alactic power were vertical jump (25 studies) and sprint running (13 studies) performance. Fourteen studies provided data to allow for pooling of results in a meta-analysis. A positive effect was detected for resistance training programs on vertical jump performance (mean difference 3.08 [95% CI 1.65, 4.51], Z=4.23 [P<0.0001]).
There is sufficient evidence to conclude that resistance-training interventions can improve muscular power in adolescent athletes. A positive effect on sports performance attributable to participation in resistance training was reported by almost half the included studies, however limited objective evidence to support these claims was found. Improvements in motor performance skills, such as jumping, are widely stated as indicators of improvements in sporting performance.
未经训练的青少年进行抗阻训练可以积极影响健康相关的体能，提高肌肉力量和运动表现。抗阻训练对青少年运动员的影响尚不清楚。本综述的目的是确定抗阻训练计划对青少年运动员肌肉力量和运动表现的有效性。
对以前发表的关于青少年运动员群体抗阻训练的研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析。
于 2011 年 3 月 21 日对 Medline、Embase 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库进行了系统检索，以确定评估青少年运动员抗阻训练计划对力量和运动表现影响的研究。
共确定了 34 项研究。除了两项研究外，所有研究都报告了至少一项无氧肌肉力量结果的统计学显著改善。最常见的无氧力量指标是垂直跳跃（25 项研究）和短跑（13 项研究）表现。有 14 项研究提供了数据，允许对荟萃分析进行汇总。抗阻训练计划对垂直跳跃表现有积极影响（平均差异 3.08 [95%CI 1.65, 4.51]，Z=4.23 [P<0.0001]）。
有足够的证据表明，抗阻训练干预可以提高青少年运动员的肌肉力量。近一半的纳入研究报告了与参加抗阻训练相关的运动表现的积极影响，但发现的支持这些说法的客观证据有限。运动表现技能的提高，如跳跃，被广泛认为是运动表现提高的指标。
