Risk factors for gout developed from hyperuricemia in China: a five-year prospective cohort study.

The aim of the study was to investigate the factors that promote the development of gout in Chinese patients with hyperuricemia. Chinese cohort with 659 patients with hyperuricemia who had no history of gout at base line had been followed up for 5 years. The baseline data of the general states (gender, age, occupation and education level), lifestyle and behavior (smoking, drinking, and diet), the major chronic diseases (diabetes and hypertension), family history and gout attacks, physical examination (height, weight and blood pressure), and blood parameters (creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were recorded before the follow-up. Over the five-year period, 75 hyperuricemia patients developed gout. In the logistic regression model, shrimp intake and shell intake were the risk factors (P = 0.038 and P < 0.001, respectively) and, combined with diabetes, also served as risk factor for gout developed from hyperuricemia, with relative risk (RR) of 2.571 (95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), 1.110-5.953), and females served as protective factors of gout, with RR of 0.113 (95 % CI, 0.041-0.312, referred to male). We identified that shrimp intake and shell intake, combined with diabetes, were the independent risk factors, and females served as protective factors of gout in those suffering from hyperuricemia in coast regions of Shandong province, China.