El Matri L, Bouraoui R, Chebil A, Kort F, Limaiem R, Bouladi M, Mghaieth F
Service d'ophtalmologie B, Institut Hédi Rais d'ophtalmologie de Tunis.
Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2012(319):35-41.
To describe the prevalence and the risk factors for the age related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Tunisian hospital population.
A total of 2204 subjects 50 years of age and older were enrolled in a prospective study conducted between august 2004 and February 2009. Medical history was reviewed. Subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including best corrected visual acuity and slit lamp biomicroscopy with fundus examination. Fundus photography and fluorescein angiography were performed if clinical features of AMD were observed on fundus examination. Cases were classified in early and late stages of AMD.
The prevalence of late AMD was higher than early AMD. Significant risk factors are age, male gender, smoking, excessive sunlight exposure and poor consumption of fish. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and dyslipimia were not significantly associated to a high prevalence of AMD.
AMD is a multifactorial disease. In our Tunisian hospital population, the prevalence of AMD was higher than in the Europeen population. It can be explained by genetic differences or risk factors. Age, cigarette smoking and sunlight exposure were associated with increasing prevalence of AMD in Tunisia.
描述突尼斯医院人群中年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的患病率及危险因素。
2004年8月至2009年2月期间，共有2204名50岁及以上的受试者参与了一项前瞻性研究。回顾了病史。受试者接受了全面的眼科检查，包括最佳矫正视力和带眼底检查的裂隙灯生物显微镜检查。如果在眼底检查中观察到AMD的临床特征，则进行眼底摄影和荧光素血管造影。病例分为AMD的早期和晚期。
晚期AMD的患病率高于早期AMD。显著的危险因素包括年龄、男性、吸烟、过度暴露于阳光下以及鱼类摄入不足。心血管疾病、糖尿病和血脂异常与AMD的高患病率无显著关联。
AMD是一种多因素疾病。在我们的突尼斯医院人群中，AMD的患病率高于欧洲人群。这可能由基因差异或危险因素来解释。在突尼斯，年龄、吸烟和阳光暴露与AMD患病率的增加相关。
