Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
J R Soc Interface. 2012 Sep 7;9(74):2120-30. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0121. Epub 2012 May 2.
Advances in technology and engineering, along with European Union renewable energy targets, have stimulated a rapid growth of the wind power sector. Wind farms contribute to carbon emission reductions, but there is a need to ensure that these structures do not adversely impact the populations that interact with them, particularly birds. We developed movement models based on observed avoidance responses of common eider Somateria mollissima to wind farms to predict, and identify potential measures to reduce, impacts. Flight trajectory data that were collected post-construction of the Danish Nysted offshore wind farm were used to parameterize competing models of bird movements around turbines. The model most closely fitting the observed data incorporated individual variation in the minimum distance at which birds responded to the turbines. We show how such models can contribute to the spatial planning of wind farms by assessing their extent, turbine spacing and configurations on the probability of birds passing between the turbines. Avian movement models can make new contributions to environmental assessments of wind farm developments, and provide insights into how to reduce impacts that can be identified at the planning stage.
随着科技和工程的进步，以及欧盟可再生能源目标的推动，风力发电行业迅速发展。风力发电场有助于减少碳排放，但需要确保这些设施不会对与之互动的人群，特别是鸟类，产生不利影响。我们开发了基于观察到的普通绒鸭 Somateria mollissima 对风电场的回避反应的运动模型，以预测并确定减少影响的潜在措施。丹麦 Nysted 海上风电场建设后收集的飞行轨迹数据被用于参数化鸟类在涡轮机周围运动的竞争模型。最符合观察数据的模型纳入了鸟类对涡轮机响应的最小距离的个体差异。我们展示了如何通过评估风电场的范围、涡轮机间距和配置来评估鸟类在涡轮机之间通过的概率，从而使此类模型为风电场的空间规划做出贡献。鸟类运动模型可以为风力发电场发展的环境评估做出新的贡献，并为如何减少可以在规划阶段确定的影响提供见解。
