British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, IP24 2PU, UK.
British Trust for Ornithology Scotland, Biological and Environmental Science, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
Mar Environ Res. 2018 Sep;140:278-288. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.06.017. Epub 2018 Jun 26.
The risk of collision between birds and turbines is seen as one of the key issues in the planning process for offshore wind farms. In some cases, predictions of collision risk have led to projects either being withdrawn from the planning process, or refused planning consent. Despite this, the evidence base on which collision risk is assessed is extremely limited and assessments rely on models which can be highly sensitive to assumptions, notably about bird collision avoidance behaviour. We present a synthesis of the current state of knowledge about collision risk and avoidance behaviour in seabirds. Evidence suggests species-specific responses to turbines and that in order to avoid collision, most birds adjust their flight paths at some distance from the turbines, rather than making last-second adjustments. We highlight the key gaps in knowledge and make recommendations for future data collection.
鸟类与涡轮机碰撞的风险被视为海上风电场规划过程中的关键问题之一。在某些情况下，碰撞风险的预测导致项目要么退出规划流程，要么被拒绝规划许可。尽管如此，评估碰撞风险所依据的证据基础极其有限，评估依赖于模型，而这些模型对假设非常敏感，尤其是对鸟类避碰行为的假设。我们综合了目前关于海鸟碰撞风险和避碰行为的知识状况。有证据表明，不同物种对涡轮机有特异性反应，为了避免碰撞，大多数鸟类会在离涡轮机一定距离的地方调整飞行路径，而不是在最后一刻调整。我们强调了知识的关键差距，并为未来的数据收集提出了建议。
