Przystańska Agnieszka, Bruska Małgorzata
Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcicki Street, 60-781, Poznan, Poland.
Anat Sci Int. 2012 Sep;87(3):141-9. doi: 10.1007/s12565-012-0136-z. Epub 2012 May 3.
In the past few decades, a number of studies have reported that accessory foramina are located on the internal aspect of the mandible, indicating their potential importance for effective and successful clinical procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate adult, infantile, and fetal human mandibles for occurrence of accessory foramina. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an attempt has been made to examine their particular co-location using a systematic approach and perspective. A total of 397 human mandibles, including 299 adult, 18 infantile, and 80 fetal, were investigated macroscopically for the frequency, position, and diameter of accessory foramina. In 96 % of investigated adult mandibles, at least one accessory foramen was found. Foramina were located either superior or inferior to the genial tubercle, as well as lateral to the tubercle. Bearing in mind their usual location, four different types of coexistence of foramina were distinguished. Accessory foramina were also present in similar locations in infantile and fetal mandibles. Accessory mandibular foramina are constant structures of human mandible. Their frequency, size, and location vary depending on the type of the foramen. Observations on children and fetal mandibles showed no significant differences in evaluation of accessory foramina, with the exception of lower occurrence in this group of subjects.
在过去几十年中，多项研究报告称副孔位于下颌骨内侧，表明它们在有效且成功的临床操作中具有潜在重要性。本研究的目的是评估成人、婴儿和胎儿的人类下颌骨中副孔的出现情况。据我们所知，这是首次尝试采用系统的方法和视角来研究它们的特定共存情况。总共对397例人类下颌骨进行了宏观研究，其中包括299例成人下颌骨、18例婴儿下颌骨和80例胎儿下颌骨，以确定副孔的频率、位置和直径。在96%的被研究成人下颌骨中发现了至少一个副孔。孔位于颏结节上方或下方，以及结节外侧。考虑到它们的常见位置，区分了四种不同类型的孔共存情况。婴儿和胎儿下颌骨中也在类似位置存在副孔。下颌副孔是人类下颌骨的恒定结构。它们的频率、大小和位置因孔的类型而异。对儿童和胎儿下颌骨的观察表明，除了该组受试者中副孔出现率较低外，在副孔评估方面没有显著差异。
