Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
Metabolism. 2012 Nov;61(11):1566-71. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.04.005. Epub 2012 May 4.
This cohort study investigated the association between eating speed and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Japanese men.
MATERIALS/METHODS: Participants were 2,050 male employees of a metal products factory in Japan. We measured self-reported categorical eating speed. The incidence of diabetes was determined in annual medical examinations over a 7-year period. The association between eating speed and the incidence of diabetes adjusted for multiple variables (age, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol drinking, habitual exercise, and presence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.
The prevalence of obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m(2)) across the categories of eating speed (slow, medium, and fast) was 14.6, 23.3, and 34.8%, respectively, and a faster eating speed was associated with a higher prevalence of obesity. During the study, 177 participants developed diabetes. Crude incidence rates (/1,000 person-years) across the three categories of eating speed were 9.9, 15.6, and 17.3, respectively. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) across the categories were 1.00 (reference), 1.68 (0.93-3.02), and 1.97 (1.10-3.55), respectively, and eating speed was associated with the risk of diabetes (p for trend=0.030). After further adjustment for BMI, a significant association was not observed.
Eating speed was associated with the incidence of diabetes. Since these associations were not significant after adjusting for BMI, eating speed may act via its effect on body weight. Eating speed is a controllable risk factor, and eating slowly could be an acceptable lifestyle intervention for the prevention of diabetes mellitus.
本队列研究旨在探讨日本中年男性进食速度与 2 型糖尿病发病风险的相关性。
材料/方法：研究对象为日本一家金属制品厂的 2050 名男性员工。我们通过自我报告的进食速度类别进行测量。在 7 年的年度体检中确定糖尿病的发病情况。采用 Cox 比例风险模型，对调整了多种变量（年龄、糖尿病家族史、吸烟、饮酒、习惯性运动以及高血压和高血脂的存在情况）后的进食速度与糖尿病发病风险之间的关系进行评估。
在进食速度（慢、中、快）各分类中，肥胖（BMI≥25kg/m²）的患病率分别为 14.6%、23.3%和 34.8%，且进食速度越快，肥胖的患病率越高。在研究期间，有 177 名参与者患上了糖尿病。三种进食速度分类的粗发病率（/1000 人年）分别为 9.9、15.6 和 17.3。多变量调整后的危险比（95%CI）分别为 1.00（参考）、1.68（0.93-3.02）和 1.97（1.10-3.55），且进食速度与糖尿病风险相关（趋势检验 p=0.030）。进一步调整 BMI 后，这种关联不再显著。
进食速度与糖尿病的发病风险相关。由于在调整 BMI 后，这些关联不再显著，因此进食速度可能通过其对体重的影响来发挥作用。进食速度是一种可控的危险因素，缓慢进食可能是一种可接受的生活方式干预措施，有助于预防糖尿病。
