Gye Myung Chan, Park Chan Jin
Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2012 Mar;39(1):1-9. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2012.39.1.1. Epub 2012 Mar 31.
The safety of human exposure to an ever-increasing number and diversity of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources both at work and at home has become a public health issue. To date, many in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that EMF exposure can alter cellular homeostasis, endocrine function, reproductive function, and fetal development in animal systems. Reproductive parameters reported to be altered by EMF exposure include male germ cell death, the estrous cycle, reproductive endocrine hormones, reproductive organ weights, sperm motility, early embryonic development, and pregnancy success. At the cellular level, an increase in free radicals and [Ca(2+)]i may mediate the effect of EMFs and lead to cell growth inhibition, protein misfolding, and DNA breaks. The effect of EMF exposure on reproductive function differs according to frequency and wave, strength (energy), and duration of exposure. In the present review, the effects of EMFs on reproductive function are summarized according to the types of EMF, wave type, strength, and duration of exposure at cellular and organism levels.
无论是在工作场所还是家庭环境中，人类接触数量不断增加且种类日益多样的电磁场（EMF）源的安全性已成为一个公共卫生问题。迄今为止，许多体内和体外研究表明，暴露于电磁场会改变动物系统中的细胞内稳态、内分泌功能、生殖功能以及胎儿发育。据报道，受电磁场暴露影响而改变的生殖参数包括雄性生殖细胞死亡、发情周期、生殖内分泌激素、生殖器官重量、精子活力、早期胚胎发育以及妊娠成功率。在细胞水平上，自由基和细胞内钙离子浓度（[Ca(2+)]i）的增加可能介导电磁场的作用，并导致细胞生长抑制、蛋白质错误折叠和DNA断裂。电磁场暴露对生殖功能的影响因频率、波形、强度（能量）以及暴露持续时间而异。在本综述中，根据电磁场的类型、波形、强度以及在细胞和生物体水平上的暴露持续时间，总结了电磁场对生殖功能的影响。
