Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Histol Histopathol. 2022 Mar;37(3):287-299. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-402. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
In utero development of organs is easily influenced by many environmental factors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of microwave radiation (MR) at a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a specific absorption rate of 1.73 W/kg on intrauterine development of testis. Pregnant albino rats were exposed to whole-body MR for 2 hours per day throughout the pregnancy. Male offspring (n=12, age 35 days) were not exposed to MR after birth. The study revealed that MR applied in utero induced apparent structural changes in the testes, such as irregular shape of seminiferous tubules, significant decrease in the diameter of seminiferous tubules (p<0.05) and in the height of the germinal epithelium (p<0.01), disorganisation of germ cells, desquamations of immature germ cells, formation of giant multinucleated cells, and significant (p<0.01) expansion of the interstitium. At the level of transmission electron microscopy, there were observed basement membrane irregularities in seminiferous tubules, vacuolation of the cytoplasm and adversely affected organelles in Sertoli cells, germ cells, Leydig cells, peritubular and endothelial cells. The tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells were often incomplete, and necrotizing germ cells were more numerous in experimental animals compared to controls. Enhanced necrotizations of germ cells proved by a Fluoro Jade C method, and declined germ cells proliferation confirmed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen analysis, were detected in MR exposed animals. Our results revealed that the prenatal exposure to MR had an adverse effect on the postnatal testicular development in rats.
器官的宫内发育很容易受到许多环境因素的影响。本研究旨在阐明频率为 2.45GHz 且比吸收率为 1.73W/kg 的微波辐射（MR）对睾丸宫内发育的影响。将怀孕的白化大鼠暴露于全身 MR 中，每天 2 小时，整个怀孕期间均如此。雄性后代（n=12，年龄 35 天）出生后未暴露于 MR。研究表明，宫内应用的 MR 导致睾丸明显的结构变化，例如生精小管形状不规则、生精小管直径（p<0.05）和生精上皮高度（p<0.01）显著下降、生殖细胞排列紊乱、不成熟生殖细胞脱落、巨多核细胞形成，以及间质显著扩张（p<0.01）。在透射电子显微镜水平，观察到生精小管的基膜不规则、细胞质空泡化以及支持细胞、生殖细胞、间质细胞、小管周围和内皮细胞的细胞器受到不良影响。相邻支持细胞之间的紧密连接经常不完整，实验动物中的坏死生殖细胞比对照组更多。通过荧光 Jade C 法证实了生殖细胞坏死的增强，通过增殖细胞核抗原分析证实了生殖细胞增殖的减少，在接受 MR 照射的动物中检测到。我们的结果表明，产前暴露于 MR 对大鼠产后睾丸发育有不良影响。
