Rott C
Institut für Gerontologie, Universität Heidelberg.
Z Gerontol. 1990 Sep-Oct;23(5):252-61.
This article attempts to find the structure of a selected spectrum of intelligence. A combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional methods is applied. Two dimensions were found, which can be named as "crystallized" and "fluid" abilities (in the sense of Horn & Cattell). Whereas, the crystallized abilities do not show any systematic variation from age 61 to 83, fluid abilities decline with age. Schaie's three-component-model is not able to describe differences and variations of crystallized intelligence. Within fluid intelligence, age changes are more important than cohort differences. There are hints that structural changes take place.
本文试图找出一组选定的智力谱的结构。采用了纵向和横断面相结合的方法。发现了两个维度，可命名为“晶体”和“流体”能力（霍恩和卡特尔意义上的）。晶体能力在61岁至83岁之间没有表现出任何系统性变化，而流体能力则随年龄下降。沙伊的三成分模型无法描述晶体智力的差异和变化。在流体智力中，年龄变化比群组差异更重要。有迹象表明发生了结构变化。
