Rott C
Institut für Gerontologie, Universität Heidelberg.
Z Gerontol. 1993 May-Jun;26(3):184-90.
Life-span developmental psychology has demonstrated that further cognitive development takes place also in old age. Therefore, this study aims at locating a distinct intellectual structure of older people. Twelve cognitive measured from the "Bonn Longitudinal Study of Aging" are analyzed. Factoranalysis reveals a model with three components: a crystallized, a visual, and a memory component. They represent also different cognitive strategies. Within the aging process the crystallized component is the most stable one. Up to 70 respectively 75 years no decrement can be observed in the development of the other two components. When people are more than 80 years old the number of factors is reduced to two. This is regarded as a process of focusing resources. Verbal and visual strategies are integrated in order to compensate losses.
毕生发展心理学表明，认知能力的进一步发展在老年阶段也会发生。因此，本研究旨在找出老年人独特的智力结构。对来自“波恩老年纵向研究”的12项认知测量指标进行了分析。因子分析揭示了一个包含三个成分的模型：一个晶体智力成分、一个视觉成分和一个记忆成分。它们也代表了不同的认知策略。在衰老过程中，晶体智力成分是最稳定的。在70岁或75岁之前，另外两个成分的发展没有下降。当人们超过80岁时，因素数量减少到两个。这被视为一个资源集中的过程。言语和视觉策略被整合起来以弥补损失。
