Subar A F, Block G
National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;132(6):1091-101. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115752.
Data from the 1987 National Health Interview Survey show that 51.1% of the adults aged 18-99 years in the United States consumed a vitamin/mineral supplement in the past year, but that only 23.1% did so daily. Whites, women, and older individuals were more likely than blacks, men, and younger individuals to consume supplements regularly. Multivitamins were the most commonly consumed supplement, followed by vitamin C, calcium, vitamin E, and vitamin A. Results suggest that supplementation practices have changed little since the 1970s. Results regarding the amounts of nutrients obtained from supplements show that a food frequency type of methodology collects reasonably accurate data reflecting intake of supplements over the past year. Few, if any, individuals were consuming nutrients in amounts considered toxic. Although vitamin and mineral supplementation is a common health habit, it appears not to pose a significant health risk for most of the population.
1987年全国健康访谈调查的数据显示，美国18至99岁的成年人中，51.1%在过去一年服用过维生素/矿物质补充剂，但每天服用的仅占23.1%。白人、女性和老年人比黑人、男性和年轻人更有可能经常服用补充剂。复合维生素是最常服用的补充剂，其次是维生素C、钙、维生素E和维生素A。结果表明，自20世纪70年代以来，补充剂的服用情况变化不大。关于从补充剂中获取的营养素量的结果表明，食物频率法收集的数据能合理准确地反映过去一年补充剂的摄入量。几乎没有个体摄入的营养素量达到中毒水平。虽然维生素和矿物质补充是一种常见的健康习惯，但对大多数人来说，它似乎不会构成重大健康风险。
