Kim Juhee, Imai Satomi, Mathews Holly
Department of Public Health, Broody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 1600 Moye Blvd, Lakeside Annex 7, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
Center for Health Systems Research and Development, Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2017 Jun;21(6):1387-1395. doi: 10.1007/s10995-016-2245-0.
Objectives This study aims to examine food label use, specific reading behaviors and the awareness of dietary recommendations among U.S. pregnant women in comparison to non-pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional data analysis was conducted using a representative national sample of U.S. women aged 16 to 44 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006 (n = 1875). Food label users were defined as woman who used the Nutrition Facts panel when making a food choice in the frequency of always, most of the time, or sometimes. Pregnancy status was assessed in relation to food label use, specific reading behaviors and the awareness of dietary recommendations by conducting hierarchical multivariable logistic regression models including covariates of SES and perceived health and weight variables. Results The prevalence of using food labels at purchase greatly differs by SES, perceived health and weight variables, and awareness of dietary recommendations but not by pregnancy: 68.6% of pregnant and 66.1% of non-pregnant women used food labels in the U.S. However, after controlling for SES and perceived health and weight status, pregnant women are more likely to read food labels than their counterparts (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.07-1.89). Pregnant women were less likely to check cholesterol (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.44-0.77) and calories from fat content (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42-0.89), after adjusting for SES variables. Pregnant women may not have a higher awareness of dietary recommendations compared to non-pregnant women in the U.S. Conclusions While pregnancy itself is a factor that appears to encourage the reading of food labels, pregnancy does not encourage positive reading behaviors. The findings suggest a great need for prenatal nutrition education programs in the U.S.
目的 本研究旨在比较美国孕妇与非孕妇在食品标签使用、特定阅读行为以及饮食建议知晓度方面的情况。方法 使用来自2005 - 2006年美国国家健康与营养检查调查的16至44岁美国女性的代表性全国样本进行横断面数据分析（n = 1875）。食品标签使用者被定义为在做出食物选择时总是、大部分时间或有时使用营养成分表的女性。通过进行分层多变量逻辑回归模型，评估怀孕状况与食品标签使用、特定阅读行为以及饮食建议知晓度之间的关系，模型中纳入了社会经济地位（SES）、自我感知健康和体重变量等协变量。结果 购买时使用食品标签的比例在社会经济地位、自我感知健康和体重变量以及饮食建议知晓度方面差异很大，但在怀孕与否方面没有差异：在美国，68.6%的孕妇和66.1%的非孕妇使用食品标签。然而，在控制了社会经济地位、自我感知健康和体重状况后，孕妇比非孕妇更有可能阅读食品标签（比值比[OR] = 1.43，95%置信区间[CI] = 1.07 - 1.89）。在调整社会经济地位变量后，孕妇检查胆固醇（OR = 0.58，95% CI = 0.44 - 0.77）和脂肪热量含量（OR = 0.61，95% CI = 0.42 - 0.89）的可能性较小。在美国，孕妇对饮食建议的知晓度可能并不比非孕妇更高。结论 虽然怀孕本身似乎是鼓励阅读食品标签的一个因素，但怀孕并不鼓励积极的阅读行为。研究结果表明美国非常需要开展产前营养教育项目。
