Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Sep 7;279(1742):3535-9. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0694. Epub 2012 May 30.
In societies with high cooperation demands, implicit consensus on social norms enables successful human coexistence. Mimicking other people's actions and emotions has been proposed as a means to synchronize behaviour, thereby enhancing affiliation. Mimicry has long been thought to be reflexive, but it has recently been suggested that mimicry might also be motivationally driven. Here, we show during an economic bargaining game that automatic happy mimicry of those making unfair offers disappears. After the bargaining game, when the proposers have acquired either a fair or unfair reputation, we observe increased angry mimicry of proposers with an unfair reputation and decreased angry mimicry of fair proposers. These findings provide direct empirical evidence that non-conscious mimicry is modulated by fairness. We interpret the present results as reflecting that facial mimicry in women functions conditionally, dependent on situational demands.
在合作需求较高的社会中，对社会规范的隐性共识使人类能够成功共存。人们提出模仿他人的行为和情绪是一种协调行为的方式，从而增强亲和力。长期以来，人们一直认为模仿是反射性的，但最近有人提出，模仿也可能是由动机驱动的。在这里，我们在一个经济讨价还价游戏中表明，对那些提出不公平报价的人的自动快乐模仿会消失。在讨价还价游戏之后，当提议者获得公平或不公平的声誉时，我们观察到对声誉不佳的提议者的愤怒模仿增加，而对公平提议者的愤怒模仿减少。这些发现为非意识模仿受公平性调节提供了直接的经验证据。我们将当前的结果解释为反映了女性的面部模仿是有条件的，取决于情境需求。
