Benito Ana, Haro Gonzalo, Orengo Teresa, González Marisa, Fornés Teresa, Mateu César
Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Pla, Alicante, España.
Adicciones. 2012;24(2):131-8.
The aim was to analyze the relationship between Cloninger's dimensions and Personality Disorders (PD) (with DSM-IV criteria) in opiate dependents. The study was Cross-sectional. The sampling of 196 patients with opiate dependence was consecutive. All were receiving treatment in an inpatient detoxification unit. Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE) and a Substance Use Questionnaire were used. Character's dimensions as Self-directness and Cooperation were related with PD when scored low. Opposite to Cloninger descriptions, high scores of Self-transcendence were related with presence of PD. Related to temperamental dimensions, cluster A was related with low scores of Reward Dependence (RD) and cluster C with high scores of Harm Avoidance (HA). Otherwise, in cluster B, while Borderline PD had high scores of Novelty Seeking (as high HA), the Antisocial PD only were related to low scores of RD. RD dimension seems useful to differ from presence or absence of Antisocial PD, also when alcohol consumption is considered. Cloninger's Model of Personality is useful in drug dependents for the definition of the different PD, as well as for probable PD's aggregation. This model also helps to create subtypes in opiate dependents as the antisocial or type II.
本研究旨在分析阿片类药物依赖者中克隆宁格人格维度与人格障碍（依据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版标准）之间的关系。该研究为横断面研究。连续选取了196例阿片类药物依赖患者作为样本。所有患者均在住院戒毒单位接受治疗。使用了克隆宁格的气质与性格量表（TCI）、国际人格障碍检查表（IPDE）以及一份物质使用问卷。性格维度中的自我导向和合作得分较低时与人格障碍相关。与克隆宁格的描述相反，自我超越得分高与人格障碍的存在相关。在气质维度方面，A簇与奖赏依赖（RD）得分低相关，C簇与回避伤害（HA）得分高相关。此外，在B簇中，边缘型人格障碍的新奇寻求得分高（与高HA一样），而反社会型人格障碍仅与RD得分低相关。RD维度似乎有助于区分反社会型人格障碍的有无，即便考虑饮酒情况时也是如此。克隆宁格人格模型在药物依赖者中对于不同人格障碍的定义以及可能的人格障碍聚集情况很有用。该模型还有助于在阿片类药物依赖者中创建反社会型或II型等亚型。
