Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan.
Phytochemistry. 2013 Jul;91:52-80. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.012. Epub 2012 May 30.
The bryophytes contain the Marchantiophyta (liverworts), Bryophyta (mosses) and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). Of these, the Marchantiophyta have a cellular oil body which produce a number of mono-, sesqui- and di-terpenoids, aromatic compounds like bibenzyl, bis-bibenzyls and acetogenins. Most sesqui- and di-terpenoids obtained from liverworts are enantiomers of those found in higher plants. Many of these compounds display a characteristic odor, and can have interesting biological activities. These include: allergenic contact dermatitis, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral, cytotoxic, insecticidal, insect antifeedant, superoxide anion radical release, 5-lipoxygenase, calmodulin, hyaluronidase, cyclooxygenase, DNA polymerase β, and α-glucosidase and NO production inhibitory, antioxidant, piscicidal, neurotrophic and muscle relaxing activities among others. Each liverwort biosynthesizes unique components, which are valuable for their chemotaxonomic classification. Typical chemical structures and biological activity of the selected liverwort constituents as well as the hemi- and total synthesis of some biologically active compounds are summarized.
苔藓植物包含苔纲（地钱）、藓纲（藓类）和角苔纲（角苔）。其中，苔纲植物的细胞油体产生许多单萜、倍半萜和二萜类、芳香族化合物如联苄、双联苄和乙酰基因。从地钱中获得的大多数倍半萜和二萜类化合物都是高等植物中发现的化合物的对映异构体。这些化合物中的许多具有特征气味，并具有有趣的生物活性。其中包括：过敏性接触性皮炎、抗菌、抗真菌和抗病毒、细胞毒性、杀虫、昆虫拒食、超氧阴离子自由基释放、5-脂氧合酶、钙调蛋白、透明质酸酶、环氧化酶、DNA 聚合酶β、α-葡萄糖苷酶和一氧化氮产生抑制、抗氧化、杀鱼、神经营养和肌肉松弛等活性。每种地钱都生物合成独特的成分，这些成分对于它们的化学分类学分类很有价值。总结了所选地钱成分的典型化学结构和生物活性，以及一些生物活性化合物的半合成和全合成。
