Departamento de Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2012 Oct;19(5):942-7. doi: 10.3758/s13423-012-0273-3.
Recent research using the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm with English sentences that included words with letter transpositions (e.g., jugde) has shown that participants can readily reproduce the correctly spelled sentences with little cost; in contrast, there is a dramatic reading cost with root-derived Hebrew words (Velan & Frost, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 14:913-918, 2007, Cognition 118:141-156, 2011). This divergence could be due to (1) the processing of root-derived words in Semitic languages or (2) the peculiarities of the transitional probabilities in root-derived Hebrew words. Unlike Hebrew, Maltese is a Semitic language that does not omit vowel information in print and whose morphology also has a significant non-Semitic (mostly Romance) morphology. Here, we employed the same RSVP technique used by Velan and Frost (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 14:913-918, 2007, Cognition 118:141-156, 2011), this time with Maltese (and English) sentences. The results showed that Maltese-English bilinguals were able to reproduce the Maltese words-regardless of whether they were misspelled (involving the transposition of two letters from the consonantal root) or not, with no reading cost-just as in English. The apparent divergences between the RSVP data with Hebrew versus Maltese sentences are likely due to the combination of the characteristics of the Hebrew orthographic system with the Semitic morphology.
最近的研究使用快速连续视觉呈现（RSVP）范式，对包含字母换位的英语句子（例如 jugde）进行了研究，结果表明，参与者可以轻松地用很少的代价重现正确拼写的句子；相比之下，源自词根的希伯来语单词的阅读成本则很高（Velan & Frost，Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 14：913-918，2007，Cognition 118：141-156，2011）。这种差异可能是由于（1）闪族语言中词根词的处理，或（2）源自词根的希伯来语单词中过渡概率的特殊性。与希伯来语不同，马耳他语是一种闪族语言，在印刷品中不会省略元音信息，其形态也具有重要的非闪族（主要是罗曼语族）形态。在这里，我们使用了与 Velan 和 Frost 相同的 RSVP 技术（Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 14：913-918，2007，Cognition 118：141-156，2011），这次使用的是马耳他语（和英语）句子。结果表明，马耳他-英语双语者能够重现马耳他语单词——无论它们是否拼写错误（涉及从辅音词根中换位两个字母），都没有阅读成本——就像在英语中一样。RSVP 数据中希伯来语与马耳他语句子之间的明显差异可能是由于希伯来语正字法系统的特点与闪族形态的结合造成的。
