Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Cognitive Science, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Psychophysiology. 2012 Aug;49(8):1125-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01386.x. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
Music practice since childhood affects the development of hearing skills. An important classification in Western music is the chords' major-minor dichotomy. Its preattentive auditory discrimination was studied here using a mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm in 13-year-olds with active hobbies, music-related (music group) or other (control group). In a context of root major chords, root minor chords and inverted major chords were presented infrequently. The interval structure of inverted majors differs more from root majors than the interval structure of root minors. However, the identity of the chords is the same in inverted and root majors (major), but different in root minors. The deviant chords introduced no new frequencies to the paradigm. Hence, an MMN caused by physical deviance was prevented. An MMN was elicited by the minor chords but not by the inverted majors. The MMN amplitude in the music group was larger than in the control group. Thus, the conceptual discrimination skills are present already in the preattentive processing level of the auditory cortex, and musical training can advance these skills.
从小进行音乐练习会影响听力技能的发展。西方音乐中的一个重要分类是和弦的大小调二分法。本研究采用不注意性听觉辨别 MMN 范式，在有积极业余爱好（音乐组）或其他爱好（对照组）的 13 岁青少年中研究了其前注意听觉辨别能力。在以根音大调为背景的情况下，根音小调及反向大调和弦很少出现。反向大调的音程结构与根音大调的差异大于根音小调的音程结构。然而，在反向和根音大调中（大调）和弦的身份是相同的，而在根音小调中则不同。这些偏离和弦没有给实验范式引入新的频率。因此，物理偏离引起的 MMN 被阻止了。小调和弦会引起 MMN，但反向大调和弦不会。音乐组的 MMN 振幅大于对照组。因此，概念辨别技能已经存在于听觉皮层的前注意加工水平，而音乐训练可以提高这些技能。
