Institute for Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2012 Oct;119(10):1205-11. doi: 10.1007/s00702-012-0835-6. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
In addition to the symptom triad of intrusions, avoidance behaviour and hyperarousal, typical and frequent characteristics of acute and chronic posttraumatic disorders are neuropsychological disturbances of working memory and executive functions. So far, however, only a very limited number of studies have dealt with their effects on the capability to assess time-related information. The purpose of this prospective study therefore was to compare persons after an acute traumatic experience with healthy controls in the course of 12 months, focusing on their ability to estimate time as a measure of their readiness of attention. 39 participants aged 17-59 years (mean age = 35.1 years, who had experienced a traumatic event and exhibited symptoms of acute stress disorder) were compared with 38 healthy controls (mean age = 36.1 years) at eight times of measurement within a period of 12 months. Performance was determined by means of a prospective time estimation task. The participants had to estimate a time interval of 5 s, once with and once without feedback about the quality of the estimates. The time estimates by the traumatised persons were significantly less precise than those by the control group. Progress analyses have shown that trauma patients exhibit larger deviations from the defined time interval, both under feedback conditions and without feedback. Psychological traumatisation leads to both an acute and long-term, demonstrable impairment of time estimation ability. The recognizable disturbance of information processing may both be a cause and a result of clinical trauma symptoms.
除了入侵、回避行为和过度警觉的症状三联征外，急性和慢性创伤后障碍的典型和常见特征还包括工作记忆和执行功能的神经心理障碍。然而，到目前为止，只有非常有限的研究涉及它们对评估与时间相关信息的能力的影响。因此，这项前瞻性研究的目的是在 12 个月的时间内比较急性创伤后个体和健康对照组在估计时间能力方面的差异，以评估其注意力准备程度。39 名年龄在 17-59 岁（平均年龄为 35.1 岁）、经历过创伤事件并表现出急性应激障碍症状的参与者与 38 名健康对照组（平均年龄为 36.1 岁）进行了比较，在 12 个月的时间内进行了 8 次测量。通过前瞻性时间估计任务来确定参与者的表现。参与者需要在 5 秒的时间间隔内进行估计，一次有反馈，一次没有反馈，以评估他们的估计质量。与对照组相比，创伤组的时间估计明显不那么准确。进展分析表明，创伤患者在反馈条件下和没有反馈条件下，对定义的时间间隔的偏差都更大。心理创伤会导致急性和长期的、可证明的时间估计能力受损。可识别的信息处理障碍可能既是临床创伤症状的原因，也是其结果。
