Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain.
Environmental and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratory, University of Perpignan, Via Domitia, 52 Paul Alduy Ave., Perpignan Cedex 66860, France.
Mar Drugs. 2012 Apr;10(4):677-693. doi: 10.3390/md10040677. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
Temporal changes in the production of secondary metabolites are far from being fully understood. Our study quantified, over a two-year period, the concentrations of brominated alkaloids in the ectosome and the choanosome of Aplysina aerophoba, and examined the temporal patterns of these natural products. Based on standard curves, we quantified the concentrations of aerophobin-2, aplysinamisin-1, and isofistularin-3: three of the four major peaks obtained through chemical profiling with high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results showed a striking variation in compound abundance between the outer and inner layers of the sponge. The ectosome showed high concentrations of bromocompounds during the summer months, while the choanosome followed no pattern. Additionally, we found that, from the outer layer of the sponge, aerophobin-2 and isofistularin-3 were significantly correlated with water temperature. The present study is one of the first to document quantitative seasonal variations in individual compounds over multiple years. Further studies will clarify the role of environmental, biological, and physiological factors in determining the seasonal patterns in the concentration of brominated alkaloids.
次生代谢产物的时间变化远未被充分理解。我们的研究在两年的时间内定量测定了泡叶藻中溴化生物碱在细胞外体和细胞腔中的浓度，并研究了这些天然产物的时间模式。基于标准曲线，我们定量了 aerophobin-2、aplysinamisin-1 和 isofistularin-3 的浓度：这是通过高效液相色谱化学分析得到的四个主要峰中的三个。我们的结果表明，海绵的内外层之间化合物丰度存在显著差异。细胞外体在夏季几个月表现出高浓度的溴化物，而细胞腔则没有规律。此外，我们发现，从海绵的外层，aerophobin-2 和 isofistularin-3 与水温显著相关。本研究是首次记录多年来单个化合物的定量季节性变化之一。进一步的研究将阐明环境、生物和生理因素在确定溴化生物碱浓度季节性模式中的作用。
