蛋白质摄入量和性别对身体成分变化的影响：一项随机临床减肥试验。
Effects of protein intake and gender on body composition changes: a randomized clinical weight loss trial.
机构信息
Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 101A Ramsey 300 River Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
出版信息
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012 Jun 12;9(1):55. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-55.
UNLABELLED
Limited data on sex differences in body composition changes in response to higher protein diets (PRO) compared to higher carbohydrate diets (CARB) suggest that a PRO diet helps preserve lean mass (LM) in women more so than in men.
OBJECTIVE
To compare male and female body composition responses to weight loss diets differing in macronutrient content.
DESIGN
Twelve month randomized clinical trial with 4mo of weight loss and 8mo weight maintenance.
SUBJECTS
Overweight (N = 130; 58 male (M), 72 female (F); BMI = 32.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2) middle-aged subjects were randomized to energy-restricted (deficit ~500 kcal/d) diets providing protein at 1.6 g.kg-1.d-1 (PRO) or 0.8 g.kg-1.d-1 (CARB). LM and fat mass (FM) were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Body composition outcomes were tested in a repeated measures ANOVA controlling for sex, diet, time and their two- and three-way interactions at 0, 4, 8 and 12mo.
RESULTS
When expressed as percent change from baseline, males and females lost similar amounts of weight at 12mo (M:-11.2 ± 7.1 %, F:-9.9 ± 6.0 %), as did diet groups (PRO:-10.7 ± 6.8 %, CARB:-10.1 ± 6.2 %), with no interaction of gender and diet. A similar pattern emerged for fat mass and lean mass, however percent body fat was significantly influenced by both gender (M:-18.0 ± 12.8 %, F:-7.3 ± 8.1 %, p < 0.05) and diet (PRO:-14.3 ± 11.8 %, CARB:-9.3 ± 11.1 %, p < 0.05), with no gender-diet interaction. Compared to women, men carried an extra 7.0 ± 0.9 % of their total body fat in the trunk (P < 0.01) at baseline, and reduced trunk fat during weight loss more than women (M:-3.0 ± 0.5 %, F:-1.8 ± 0.3 %, p < 0.05). Conversely, women carried 7.2 ± 0.9 % more total body fat in the legs, but loss of total body fat in legs was similar in men and women.
CONCLUSION
PRO was more effective in reducing percent body fat vs. CARB over 12mo weight loss and maintenance. Men lost percent total body fat and trunk fat more effectively than women. No interactive effects of protein intake and gender are evident.
背景
关于高蛋白饮食（PRO）与高碳水化合物饮食（CARB）对人体成分变化影响的性别差异的相关数据有限，这些数据表明 PRO 饮食比 CARB 饮食更有助于保留女性的瘦体重（LM）。
目的
比较男性和女性对不同宏量营养素含量的减肥饮食的身体成分反应。
设计
一项为期 12 个月的随机临床试验，包括 4 个月的减肥和 8 个月的体重维持期。
受试者
超重（N=130；58 名男性（M），72 名女性（F）；BMI=32.5±0.5kg/m2）中年受试者被随机分配到能量限制（约 500kcal/d）的饮食中，提供 1.6g/kg/d 的蛋白质（PRO）或 0.8g/kg/d 的蛋白质（CARB）。使用双能 X 线吸收法测量 LM 和脂肪量（FM）。在重复测量 ANOVA 中测试身体成分结果，该分析控制了性别、饮食、时间以及它们在 0、4、8 和 12 个月时的二项和三项交互作用。
结果
以从基线的百分比变化表示，男性和女性在 12 个月时体重减轻的幅度相似（M：-11.2±7.1%，F：-9.9±6.0%），饮食组也是如此（PRO：-10.7±6.8%，CARB：-10.1±6.2%），性别和饮食之间没有相互作用。脂肪量和 LM 的模式相似，但体脂百分比受到性别（M：-18.0±12.8%，F：-7.3±8.1%，p<0.05）和饮食（PRO：-14.3±11.8%，CARB：-9.3±11.1%，p<0.05）的显著影响，没有性别-饮食相互作用。与女性相比，男性在基线时躯干中的总体脂多出 7.0±0.9%（P<0.01），并且在减肥期间减少的躯干脂肪比女性多（M：-3.0±0.5%，F：-1.8±0.3%，p<0.05）。相反，女性在腿部的总体脂多出 7.2±0.9%，但男性和女性腿部的总体脂减少量相似。
结论
在 12 个月的减肥和维持期间，PRO 比 CARB 更有效地减少体脂百分比。男性比女性更有效地减少全身脂肪和躯干脂肪。没有蛋白质摄入和性别之间的交互作用的明显证据。
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