School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.
J Environ Public Health. 2012;2012:545483. doi: 10.1155/2012/545483. Epub 2012 May 24.
In 2004, the Irish Government introduced national legislation banning smoking in workplaces; with exemptions for "a place of residence". This paper summarises three Irish studies of exempted premises; prisons, psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes.
PM(2.5) and nicotine were measured in nursing homes and psychiatric hospitals, in addition to ultrafine particles in the hospitals. In the prisons, officers (n = 30) completed exhaled breath Carbon Monoxide (CO) measurements. Questionnaires determined officers' opinion on introducing smoking prohibitions in prisons. Nursing home smoking policies were examined and questionnaires completed by staff regarding workplace secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure.
Ultrafine particle concentrations in psychiatric hospitals averaged 130,000 cm(3), approximately 45% higher than Dublin pub (35.5 μg/m(3)) pre ban. PM(2.5) levels in psychiatric hospitals (39.5 μg/m(3)) were similar to Dublin pubs (35.5 μg/m(3)) pre ban. In nursing homes permitting smoking, similar PM(2.5) levels (33 μg/m(3)) were measured, with nicotine levels (0.57 μg/m(3)) four times higher than "non-smoking" nursing homes (0.13 μg/m(3)). In prisons, 44% of non-smoking officers exhibited exhaled breath CO criteria for light to heavy smokers.
With SHS exposure levels in some exempted workplaces similar to Dublin pubs levels pre ban, policies ensuring full protection must be developed and implemented as a right for workers, inmates and patients.
2004 年，爱尔兰政府颁布了全国性立法，禁止在工作场所吸烟；但“居住场所”除外。本文总结了对爱尔兰的三家豁免场所（监狱、精神病院和疗养院）进行的研究。
除了测量医院的超细颗粒外，还在疗养院和精神病院中测量了 PM（2.5）和尼古丁。在监狱中，对 30 名工作人员进行了呼气一氧化碳（CO）测量。调查问卷确定了工作人员对在监狱中引入禁烟令的看法。检查了疗养院的吸烟政策，并由工作人员填写了有关工作场所二手烟（SHS）暴露的问卷。
精神病院的超细颗粒浓度平均为 130000 cm³，比禁售前都柏林酒吧（35.5 μg/m³）高约 45%。精神病院的 PM（2.5）水平（39.5 μg/m³）与禁售前都柏林酒吧（35.5 μg/m³）相似。在允许吸烟的疗养院，测量到相似的 PM（2.5）水平（33 μg/m³），而尼古丁水平（0.57 μg/m³）是“非吸烟”疗养院的四倍（0.13 μg/m³）。在监狱中，44%的非吸烟人员呼出的 CO 符合轻至重度吸烟者的标准。
由于一些豁免工作场所的 SHS 暴露水平与禁售前都柏林酒吧的水平相似，因此必须制定和实施确保全面保护的政策，作为工作人员、囚犯和病人的一项权利。
