Institute of Military Health Management, Faculty of Health Service, Second Military Medical University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 Jun;72(6):1626-33. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182479e07.
A catastrophic earthquake struck the Yushu prefecture of China's Qinghai province on April 14, 2010. Supported by the China National Ministry of Health, this study performed a detailed medical analysis of injuries and diseases, based on comprehensive medical data of hospitalized patients to share the experiences and lessons learned from emergency medical aid operations in high-altitude regions.
To survey the management of medical relief, more than 10 interviews with rescuers were held and more than 100 documents were reviewed. Medical records of 3,255 patients from 57 hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. Patient demographic data, complaints, diagnoses, prognoses, injury types, dispositions, and means of transportation were all reviewed.
A total of 3,255 patients were admitted to hospitals. Of these, 1,426 (43.8%) were middle-aged (31-50 years), 2,574 (79.07%) were transported by plane, and the first 3 days were the peak period for air transportation. The records of 2,622 patients with earthquake-related injuries were analyzed, and 1,775 (68.32%) of them were admitted to hospital within the first 3 days. Bone fractures were diagnosed in 1,431 (55.08%) patients and crush syndrome was observed in 23 (0.89%). Illnesses accounted for 657 patients who were admitted to surveyed hospitals. Of these, 143 (20.63%) suffered from respiratory diseases and 259 (39.97%) from acute high-altitude sickness. Of the latter, 224 (86.49%) were rescuers. The overall mortality rate was 0.2% (7 of 3,255). Four patients died from earthquake-related injuries and three from other illnesses.
A devastating earthquake occurring in a remote, high-altitude region presented a variety of challenges for external medical aid. Air transportation for those with severe injuries and diseases played a crucial role in decreasing the mortality and morbidity. It is necessary for hospitals to initiate effective emergency measures while facing the peak admission flow within the initial 72-hour period. Characteristic factors such as high altitude, low-oxygen content, local construction features, and lifestyle may contribute to complex injuries and illnesses. More attention should be paid to medical aid training for rescuers, and effective measures should be developed to deal with destructive natural disasters occurring in special geographical environments.
Epidemiological study, level III.
2010 年 4 月 14 日，中国青海省玉树州发生了一场灾难性的地震。本研究在中国国家卫生部的支持下，基于住院患者的综合医疗数据，对损伤和疾病进行了详细的医学分析，旨在分享高海拔地区应急医疗救援的经验和教训。
为了调查医疗救援的管理情况，我们对 10 多名救援人员进行了访谈，并查阅了 100 多份文件。对来自 57 家医院的 3255 名患者的医疗记录进行了回顾性分析。回顾了患者的人口统计学数据、主诉、诊断、预后、损伤类型、处置方式和交通方式。
共有 3255 名患者住院。其中，1426 名（43.8%）为中年人（31-50 岁），2574 名（79.07%）通过飞机转运，前 3 天是空运的高峰期。对 2622 名与地震相关的损伤患者的记录进行了分析，其中 1775 名（68.32%）在伤后 3 天内入院。1431 名（55.08%）患者诊断为骨折，23 名（0.89%）患者出现挤压综合征。657 名患者患有疾病，被送入调查医院。其中，143 名（20.63%）患有呼吸道疾病，259 名（39.97%）患有急性高原病。后者中，224 名（86.49%）为救援人员。总死亡率为 0.2%（3255 名患者中有 7 人死亡）。4 名患者死于地震相关损伤，3 名患者死于其他疾病。
在偏远的高海拔地区发生的破坏性地震给外部医疗救援带来了各种挑战。对严重损伤和疾病患者的空运在降低死亡率和发病率方面发挥了至关重要的作用。医院有必要在最初的 72 小时内应对入院高峰期，采取有效的急救措施。高海拔、低氧含量、当地建筑特点和生活方式等特征因素可能导致复杂的损伤和疾病。应更加重视救援人员的医疗救援培训，并制定有效的措施来应对特殊地理环境中发生的破坏性自然灾害。
流行病学研究，III 级。
