Nutrition and Health Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Avenida PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Br J Nutr. 2012 Sep;108(5):801-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512001213. Epub 2012 Apr 16.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may play an important role in chronic diseases through the activation of inflammatory responses. The type of diet consumed is of major concern for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Evidence from animal and human studies has shown that LPS can diffuse from the gut to the circulatory system in response to the intake of high amounts of fat. The method by which LPS move into the circulatory system is either through direct diffusion due to intestinal paracellular permeability or through absorption by enterocytes during chylomicron secretion. Considering the impact of metabolic diseases on public health and the association between these diseases and the levels of LPS in the circulatory system, this review will mainly discuss the current knowledge about high-fat diets and subclinical inflammation. It will also describe the new evidence that correlates gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and alkaline phosphatase activity with increased blood LPS levels and the biological effects of this increase, such as insulin resistance. Although the majority of the studies published so far have assessed the effects of dietary fat, additional studies are necessary to deepen the understanding of how the amount, the quality and the structure of the fat may affect endotoxaemia. The potential of food combinations to reduce the negative effects of fat intake should also be considered in future studies. In these studies, the effects of flavonoids, prebiotics and probiotics on endotoxaemia should be investigated. Thus, it is essential to identify dietetic strategies capable of minimising endotoxaemia and its postprandial inflammatory effects.
脂多糖 (LPS) 可能通过激活炎症反应在慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。所消耗的饮食类型是预防和治疗这些疾病的主要关注点。动物和人类研究的证据表明，LPS 可以响应大量脂肪的摄入而从肠道扩散到循环系统。LPS 进入循环系统的方法是通过肠细胞旁通透性的直接扩散，或者通过乳糜微粒分泌过程中肠细胞的吸收。考虑到代谢性疾病对公众健康的影响以及这些疾病与循环系统中 LPS 水平之间的关联，本综述将主要讨论高脂肪饮食与亚临床炎症的现有知识。它还将描述新的证据，即肠道微生物群、肠道通透性和碱性磷酸酶活性与血液 LPS 水平升高以及这种升高的生物学效应（如胰岛素抵抗）相关联。尽管迄今为止发表的大多数研究都评估了饮食脂肪的影响，但仍需要更多的研究来深入了解脂肪的数量、质量和结构如何影响内毒素血症。在未来的研究中，还应考虑食物组合降低脂肪摄入负面影响的潜力。在这些研究中，应研究类黄酮、益生元和益生菌对内毒素血症的影响。因此，确定能够最大限度减少内毒素血症及其餐后炎症作用的饮食策略至关重要。
