Center for Multicultural Mental Health Research, Cambridge Health Alliance, Somerville, MA, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012 Jul;51(7):703-711.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.05.005. Epub 2012 Jun 1.
To investigate racial/ethnic differences in teachers' and other adults' identification and/or encouragement of parents to seek treatment for psychiatric problems in their children and to evaluate if and whether identification/encouragement is associated with service use.
Data on identification/encouragement to seek treatment for externalizing disorders (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, and/or conduct disorder) and internalizing disorders (i.e., major depressive episode/dysthymia and/or separation anxiety disorder) and services used were obtained for 6,112 adolescents (13-17 years of age) in the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement. Racial/ethnic differences were examined for Latinos, non-Latino blacks, and non-Latino whites.
There were few racial/ethnic differences in rates of youth identification/encouragement and how identification/encouragement related to service use. Only non-Latino black youth with low severity internalizing disorders were less likely to be identified/encouraged to seek services compared with non-Latino white youth with the same characteristics (odds ratio [OR] = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.2-0.7]). Identification/encouragement increased the likelihood of seeking services for externalizing and internalizing disorders for all youth. However, compared with their non-Latino white counterparts, non-Latino black youth who met criteria for internalizing disorders appeared less likely to have used any services (OR = 0.4, 95%, CI = 0.2-0.7), after adjusting for identification/encouragement, clinical, and sociodemographic characteristics. Non-Latino black youth with internalizing disorders and without identification/encouragement were less likely to use the specialty care sector than their non-Latino white counterparts.
In this study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents, almost no ethnic/racial differences in identification/encouragement were found. However, identification/encouragement may increase service use for all youth.
调查教师和其他成年人识别和/或鼓励父母为其子女的精神疾病寻求治疗方面的种族/民族差异，并评估这种识别/鼓励是否与服务利用有关。
我们获取了全国共病调查青少年补充调查中 6112 名（13-17 岁）青少年的识别/鼓励寻求治疗外化障碍（即注意缺陷/多动障碍、对立违抗性障碍和/或品行障碍）和内化障碍（即重性抑郁发作/恶劣心境和/或分离焦虑障碍）以及服务使用情况的数据。我们对外籍青少年、非拉丁裔黑人和非拉丁裔白人进行了种族/民族差异检验。
在青少年识别/鼓励程度及其与服务利用之间的关系方面，种族/民族差异很少。只有低严重程度内化障碍的非拉丁裔黑人青少年不太可能被识别/鼓励寻求服务，而具有相同特征的非拉丁裔白人青少年则更有可能被识别/鼓励寻求服务（比值比[OR] = 0.4，95%置信区间[CI] = [0.2-0.7]）。识别/鼓励增加了所有青少年寻求外化和内化障碍治疗服务的可能性。然而，与非拉丁裔白人相比，符合内化障碍标准的非拉丁裔黑人青少年在调整了识别/鼓励、临床和社会人口统计学特征后，似乎不太可能使用任何服务（OR = 0.4，95%CI = 0.2-0.7）。有内化障碍但未得到识别/鼓励的非拉丁裔黑人青少年比其非拉丁裔白人同龄人更不可能利用专业护理部门。
在这项针对具有全国代表性的青少年样本的研究中，几乎没有发现种族/民族差异。然而，识别/鼓励可能会增加所有青少年的服务利用。
