USGS, Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
Aquat Toxicol. 2012 Oct 15;122-123:36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.05.009. Epub 2012 Jun 1.
The parr-smolt transformation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a complex developmental process that culminates in the ability to migrate to and live in seawater. Exposure to environmental contaminants like nonylphenol can disrupt smolt development and may be a contributing factor in salmon population declines. We used GRASP 16K cDNA microarrays to investigate the effects of nonylphenol on gene expression in Atlantic salmon smolts. Nonylphenol exposure reduced gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and plasma cortisol and triiodothyronine levels. Transcriptional responses were examined in gill, liver, olfactory rosettes, hypothalamus, and pituitary. Expression of 124 features was significantly altered in the liver of fish exposed to nonylphenol; little to no transcriptional effects were observed in other tissues. mRNA abundance of genes involved in protein biosynthesis, folding, modification, transport and catabolism; nucleosome assembly, cell cycle, cell differentiation, microtubule-based movement, electron transport, and response to stress increased in nonylphenol-treated fish. This study expands our understanding of the effect of nonylphenol on smolting and provides potential targets for development of biomarkers.
大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）的幼鱼向成鱼的变态发育是一个复杂的过程，最终使它们能够迁移到海水中并在其中生活。接触壬基酚等环境污染物会干扰幼鱼的发育，可能是导致鲑鱼种群减少的一个因素。我们使用 GRASP 16K cDNA 微阵列来研究壬基酚对大西洋鲑幼鱼基因表达的影响。壬基酚暴露降低了鳃 Na(+)/K(+)-ATP 酶的活性以及血浆皮质醇和三碘甲状腺原氨酸的水平。我们在鳃、肝脏、嗅球、下丘脑和垂体中检查了转录反应。暴露于壬基酚的鱼的肝脏中，有 124 个特征的表达发生了显著改变；而在其他组织中几乎没有观察到转录效应。参与蛋白质生物合成、折叠、修饰、运输和分解代谢；核小体组装、细胞周期、细胞分化、基于微管的运动、电子传递以及对压力的反应的基因的 mRNA 丰度在壬基酚处理的鱼中增加。这项研究扩展了我们对壬基酚对幼鱼变态发育影响的理解，并为开发生物标志物提供了潜在的靶点。
