Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Nature. 2012 Jun 28;486(7404):527-31. doi: 10.1038/nature11128.
Two African apes are the closest living relatives of humans: the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and the bonobo (Pan paniscus). Although they are similar in many respects, bonobos and chimpanzees differ strikingly in key social and sexual behaviours, and for some of these traits they show more similarity with humans than with each other. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the bonobo genome to study its evolutionary relationship with the chimpanzee and human genomes. We find that more than three per cent of the human genome is more closely related to either the bonobo or the chimpanzee genome than these are to each other. These regions allow various aspects of the ancestry of the two ape species to be reconstructed. In addition, many of the regions that overlap genes may eventually help us understand the genetic basis of phenotypes that humans share with one of the two apes to the exclusion of the other.
黑猩猩(Pan troglodytes)和倭黑猩猩(Pan paniscus)。尽管它们在许多方面相似,但倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩在关键的社会和性行为方面差异显著,并且对于其中一些特征,它们与人类的相似性超过彼此之间的相似性。在这里,我们报告了对倭黑猩猩基因组进行测序和组装,以研究其与黑猩猩和人类基因组的进化关系。我们发现,人类基因组中有超过 3%的部分与黑猩猩或倭黑猩猩的基因组比它们彼此之间更为接近。这些区域允许重建这两个猿类物种的祖先的各个方面。此外,许多重叠基因的区域最终可能有助于我们理解人类与其中一个猿类共有的表型的遗传基础,而排除了另一个猿类。