Ho Karen W, Ward Nicholas J, Calkins David J
The Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37205, USA.
Am J Neurodegener Dis. 2012;1(1):1-14. Epub 2012 Apr 1.
The transient receptor potential (TRP) family comprises a diverse group of cation channels that regulate a variety of intracellular signaling pathways. The TRPV1 (vanilloid 1) channel is best known for its role in nociception and sensory transmission. First studied in the dorsal root ganglia as the receptor for capsaicin, TRPV1 is now recognized to have a broader distribution and function within the central nervous system (CNS). Because it can be activated by a range of potentially noxious stimuli, TRPV1's polymodal nature and ability to interact with other receptor pathways make it a candidate for a stress response protein. As a result, TRPV1 is emerging as a key mediator of CNS function through modulation of both glial and neuronal activity. Growing evidence has suggested that TRPV1 can mediate a variety of pathways from glial reactivity and cytokine release to synaptic transmission and plasticity. This review highlights the increasing importance of TRPV1 as a regulator of CNS function in response to stress.
瞬时受体电位（TRP）家族由多种阳离子通道组成，这些通道调节多种细胞内信号通路。TRPV1（香草酸受体1）通道因其在伤害感受和感觉传递中的作用而最为人所知。TRPV1最初在背根神经节中作为辣椒素的受体进行研究，现在人们认识到它在中枢神经系统（CNS）中具有更广泛的分布和功能。由于它可以被一系列潜在的有害刺激激活，TRPV1的多模态性质以及与其他受体途径相互作用的能力使其成为应激反应蛋白的候选者。因此，TRPV1正通过调节神经胶质细胞和神经元活动而成为中枢神经系统功能的关键调节因子。越来越多的证据表明，TRPV1可以介导从神经胶质细胞反应性和细胞因子释放到突触传递和可塑性的多种途径。本综述强调了TRPV1作为应激反应中中枢神经系统功能调节因子的重要性日益增加。
