Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2013 Sep;19(3):685-701. doi: 10.1007/s11948-012-9376-5. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
Science traditionally is taught as a linear process based on logic and carried out by objective researchers following the scientific method. Practice of science is a far more nuanced enterprise, one in which intuition and passion become just as important as objectivity and logic. Whether the activity is committing to study a particular research problem, drawing conclusions about a hypothesis under investigation, choosing whether to count results as data or experimental noise, or deciding what information to present in a research paper, ethical challenges inevitably will arise because of the ambiguities inherent in practice. Unless these ambiguities are acknowledged and their sources understood explicitly, responsible conduct of science education will not adequately prepare the individuals receiving the training for the kinds of decisions essential to research integrity that they will have to make as scientists.
科学传统上被教授为一种基于逻辑的线性过程，由遵循科学方法的客观研究人员进行。科学实践是一个更加复杂的过程，其中直觉和激情与客观性和逻辑性同样重要。无论是致力于研究特定的研究问题，对正在调查的假设得出结论，选择将结果视为数据还是实验噪声，还是决定在研究论文中呈现哪些信息，由于实践中固有的模糊性，伦理挑战不可避免地会出现。除非明确承认这些模糊性并理解其来源，否则负责任的科学教育不会充分为接受培训的人员做好准备，使他们能够像科学家一样做出研究诚信所必需的决策。
