Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, University Health Center Campus, 1 S. Prospect St., Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
Prev Med. 2012 Nov;55 Suppl(Suppl):S106-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.06.014. Epub 2012 Jun 25.
Over the past 60 years, population control has become an increasingly urgent issue worldwide as a growing population strains already limited resources. The use of financial incentives to promote family planning is an innovative approach that has potential to make a contribution to efforts to better manage population growth. This report reviews eight studies that examined the effect of incentives on family planning.
Published studies that tested the impact of incentives to promote some aspect of family planning and included an appropriate control or comparison condition were reviewed.
Incentives have been used to promote attendance at contraceptive education sessions, adoption and continuation of contraceptive methods, sterilization, and to limit family size. All but one of the eight studies reviewed reported positive outcomes, but weaknesses in study design and execution limit the strength of the conclusions that can be drawn.
Review of this literature suggests that family planning behaviors, like other behaviors, are sensitive to incentives. Given the tremendous need for efficacious interventions in global efforts to manage population growth, further research on this topic using more rigorous experimental methods is warranted.
在过去的 60 年中，由于人口增长对有限资源的压力越来越大，人口控制已成为全球日益紧迫的问题。利用经济激励措施来促进计划生育是一种创新方法，有可能为更好地管理人口增长做出贡献。本报告回顾了八项研究，这些研究考察了激励措施对计划生育的影响。
对测试激励措施对促进计划生育某些方面的影响并包括适当的对照或比较条件的已发表研究进行了回顾。
激励措施已被用于促进参加避孕教育课程、采用和继续使用避孕方法、绝育以及限制家庭规模。所回顾的八项研究中，除一项外，其余八项都报告了积极的结果，但研究设计和执行中的弱点限制了可以得出的结论的力度。
对这一文献的回顾表明，计划生育行为与其他行为一样，对激励措施敏感。鉴于在全球管理人口增长的努力中需要有效的干预措施，因此有必要使用更严格的实验方法对此主题进行进一步研究。
