Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2012 Sep;103(3):416-29. doi: 10.1037/a0029208. Epub 2012 Jul 2.
Cognitive reappraisal, or changing one's interpretation of an event in order to alter the emotional response to it, is thought to be a healthy and an effective emotion regulation strategy. Although researchers recognize several distinct varieties of reappraisal, few studies have explicitly compared the effects of multiple reappraisal strategies on emotional responding. The present study compares the effects of detached and positive reappraisal on thought content, subjective emotional experience, physiological reactivity, and facial expressions of emotion while viewing film clips evoking sadness and disgust. Although both forms of reappraisal reduced overall emotional responding to unpleasant stimuli, the effects of detached reappraisal were stronger in this regard, and positive reappraisal was more likely to maintain subjective experience and facial expression of stimulus-appropriate positive emotions. The two reappraisal strategies also produced somewhat different profiles of physiological responding. Differences between detached and positive reappraisal with respect to subjective experience and facial expression were more pronounced among men than women; the reverse was true for differences with respect to physiological responding. Beyond these effects on individual emotion response systems, detached and positive reappraisal also had somewhat different effects on coherence in change across response systems. Implications for our understanding of emotion regulation processes, and for emotion theory more broadly, are discussed.
认知重评，即通过改变对事件的解释来改变对其情绪反应，被认为是一种健康有效的情绪调节策略。尽管研究人员已经识别出几种不同的重评类型，但很少有研究明确比较过多种重评策略对情绪反应的影响。本研究比较了分离重评和积极重评对观看引起悲伤和厌恶的电影片段时的思维内容、主观情绪体验、生理反应和面部表情的影响。尽管两种重评方式都降低了对不愉快刺激的整体情绪反应，但在这方面，分离重评的效果更强，而积极重评更有可能维持对刺激适当的积极情绪的主观体验和面部表情。这两种重评策略也产生了不同的生理反应模式。在主观体验和面部表情方面，分离重评和积极重评之间的差异在男性中比女性更为明显；而在生理反应方面则相反。除了对个体情绪反应系统的这些影响外，分离重评和积极重评对反应系统之间变化的一致性也有一定的不同影响。这些影响为我们理解情绪调节过程以及更广泛的情绪理论提供了一些启示。
