Karsina Allen, Thompson Rachel H, Rodriguez Nicole M, Vanselow Nicholas R
Western New England University and the New England Center for Children.
Anal Verbal Behav. 2012;28(1):31-57. doi: 10.1007/BF03393106.
We evaluated the effects of differential reinforcement and accurate verbal rules with feedback on the preference for choice and the verbal reports of 6 adults. Participants earned points on a probabilistic schedule by completing the terminal links of a concurrent-chains arrangement in a computer-based game of chance. In free-choice terminal links, participants selected 3 numbers from an 8-number array; in restricted-choice terminal links participants selected the order of 3 numbers preselected by a computer program. A pop-up box then informed the participants if the numbers they selected or ordered matched or did not match numbers generated by the computer but not displayed; matching in a trial resulted in one point earned. In baseline sessions, schedules of reinforcement were equal across free- and restricted-choice arrangements and a running tally of points earned was shown each trial. The effects of differentially reinforcing restricted-choice selections were evaluated using a reversal design. For 4 participants, the effects of providing a running tally of points won by arrangement and verbal rules regarding the schedule of reinforcement were also evaluated using a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline-across-participants design. Results varied across participants but generally demonstrated that (a) preference for choice corresponded more closely to verbal reports of the odds of winning than to reinforcement schedules, (b) rules and feedback were correlated with more accurate verbal reports, and (c) preference for choice corresponded more highly to the relative number of reinforcements obtained across free- and restricted-choice arrangements in a session than to the obtained probability of reinforcement or to verbal reports of the odds of winning.
我们评估了差别强化以及带有反馈的准确言语规则对6名成年人的选择偏好和言语报告的影响。参与者通过在基于计算机的机会游戏中完成并发链安排的终端环节，按照概率时间表赚取积分。在自由选择终端环节中，参与者从一个8个数字的数组中选择3个数字；在受限选择终端环节中，参与者选择由计算机程序预先选定的3个数字的顺序。然后会弹出一个框，告知参与者他们选择或排列的数字是否与计算机生成但未显示的数字匹配；一次试验中的匹配会赢得一分。在基线阶段，自由选择和受限选择安排中的强化时间表是相等的，并且每次试验都会显示累计获得的积分。使用反转设计评估差别强化受限选择的效果。对于4名参与者，还使用跨参与者非并发多基线设计评估了按安排提供赢得的积分的累计记录以及关于强化时间表的言语规则的效果。结果因参与者而异，但总体上表明：(a) 选择偏好与获胜几率的言语报告的对应程度高于与强化时间表的对应程度；(b) 规则和反馈与更准确的言语报告相关；(c) 选择偏好与在一个阶段中自由选择和受限选择安排中获得的强化的相对数量的对应程度高于与获得的强化概率或获胜几率的言语报告的对应程度。
