Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Oct;36(9):2056-68. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.06.006. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
It is widely assumed within the accumulated literature that neuropsychological function is commonly impaired as a consequence of chronic opioid use.
Quantitative and systematic review of the literature on the neuropsychology of chronic opioid use using the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
This meta-analysis suggests that chronic opioid exposure is associated with deficits across a range of different neuropsychological domains. However, the only domains where meta-analysis suggests robust impairment were those of verbal working memory, cognitive impulsivity (risk taking) and cognitive flexibility (verbal fluency). The magnitude of effect across these cognitive domains was medium according to Cohen's benchmark criteria.
This analysis highlighted methodological problems present in the literature used and the value of utilising meta-analytic techniques to help further elucidate the neuropsychological consequences of chronic opioid use from 'core' addiction phenotypes.
在积累的文献中，人们普遍认为慢性阿片类药物使用会导致神经认知功能受损。
采用观察性研究荟萃分析中的流行病学（MOOSE）和系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，对慢性阿片类药物使用的神经心理学进行定量和系统文献回顾。
这项荟萃分析表明，慢性阿片类药物暴露与一系列不同的神经认知领域的缺陷有关。然而，只有在元分析中表明存在明显损伤的领域是言语工作记忆、认知冲动性（冒险行为）和认知灵活性（言语流畅性）。根据科恩的基准标准，这些认知领域的效应幅度为中等。
这项分析强调了所使用文献中存在的方法学问题，以及利用荟萃分析技术来帮助进一步阐明慢性阿片类药物使用对“核心”成瘾表型的神经认知后果的价值。
