Rübben I, Rübben H
FEAPU, Sektion Kinderurologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2012 Jul;51(7):1005-16. doi: 10.1007/s00120-012-2942-2.
Phimosis is a common condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis. First appearing at 8 weeks gestation as a ridge of thickened epithelium, the prepuce grows forward over the developing glans. Physiological phimosis is common in male patients up to 3 years of age. Balanoposthitis is an inflammation of the foreskin and glans and occurs in 4-11% of uncircumcised boys. Lack of circumcision has been identified as a risk factor for urinary tract infection in infants as well as several sexually transmitted diseases and penile cancer in adults. Local steroid application showed satisfactory success rates of more than 80% and is recommended as first choice therapy. Male circumcision carried out under the age of 14 years without medical indications is unlawful and classified as bodily harm under German law.
包茎是一种常见病症，即包皮无法上翻至阴茎头上方。包皮在妊娠8周时开始出现，表现为一层增厚的上皮嵴，随着阴茎头的发育向前生长。生理性包茎在3岁以下男性患者中较为常见。阴茎头包皮炎是包皮和阴茎头的炎症，在未行包皮环切术的男孩中发病率为4%-11%。未进行包皮环切术已被确定为婴儿尿路感染以及成人多种性传播疾病和阴茎癌的危险因素。局部应用类固醇的成功率令人满意，超过80%，因此被推荐为首选治疗方法。在德国法律中，14岁以下无医学指征进行的男性包皮环切术是非法的，属于身体伤害。
