Sowiak Małgorzata, Bródka Karolina, Kozajda Anna, Buczyńska Alina, Szadkowska-Stańczyk Irena
Department of Environmental Health Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź.
Med Pr. 2012;63(1):1-10.
The aim of this study was to assess fungal air contamination in the processes associated with poultry breeding depending on the season. The evaluation was based on the determined concentrations of fungi and qualitative identification of isolated microorganisms.
The study covered 2 hatcheries and 3 hen buildings. The air was sampled in spring, summer and autumn directly onto a filter using air aspirator. For the quantitative analysis of fungi, the medium MEA with chloramphenicol and streptomycin was used. The qualitative identification of fungi was carried out based on macro- and microscopic analysis.
The concentrations of total airborne mesophilic fungi in breeding facilities ranged from 1.22 x 10(3) to 5.87 x 10(5) cfu/m3 with the arithmetic mean value 1.60 x 10(5) cfu/m5. In 45% of the taken samples, these levels exceeded the reference value recommended in Poland for occupational environment exposure. The fungi concentration in the air of poultry houses was significantly modified by season (p = 0.04). A higher concentration of fungi occurred in autumn (p = 0.05). The dominant fungal microflora in the air was composed of molds (88%), with the most prevalent genus Acremonium. Yeasts constituted another 10% of bioaerosol and were mainly represented by genus Candida. The fungal aerosol contained two species qualified to the 2 group of risk--Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida tropicalis.
Facilities of poultry farms are contaminated with high concentrations of fungal aerosols, especially in a colder season, often exceeding the recommended limits. Among the fungi, there are also present pathogenic microorganisms that may pose a risk to farm workers' health.
本研究的目的是评估家禽养殖相关过程中不同季节的真菌空气污染情况。评估基于所测定的真菌浓度以及对分离出的微生物进行定性鉴定。
该研究涵盖2个孵化场和3个母鸡饲养舍。在春季、夏季和秋季，使用空气抽吸器将空气直接采集到滤膜上。对于真菌的定量分析，使用添加了氯霉素和链霉素的MEA培养基。基于宏观和微观分析对真菌进行定性鉴定。
养殖设施中空气中嗜温真菌的总浓度范围为1.22×10³至5.87×10⁵ cfu/m³，算术平均值为1.60×10⁵ cfu/m³。在45%的采集样本中，这些水平超过了波兰推荐的职业环境暴露参考值。禽舍空气中的真菌浓度受季节显著影响（p = 0.04）。秋季真菌浓度较高（p = 0.05）。空气中占主导地位的真菌微生物群落由霉菌组成（88%），最常见的属是枝顶孢属。酵母占生物气溶胶的另外10%，主要由念珠菌属代表。真菌气溶胶中含有两种被归类为第2类风险的物种——烟曲霉和热带念珠菌。
家禽养殖场设施被高浓度的真菌气溶胶污染，尤其是在较冷的季节，常常超过推荐限值。在这些真菌中，也存在可能对农场工人健康构成风险的致病微生物。
