Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Addict Behav. 2012 Dec;37(12):1400-5. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.06.019. Epub 2012 Jun 26.
Environmental smoking has numerous adverse effects on child health, and children are frequently exposed to environmental smoking. In the present study, we investigated the role of environmental smoking (parental smoking, sibling smoking, peer smoking) in smoking-related cognitions (pros of smoking, perceived safety of casual smoking, cue-triggered wanting to smoke) and susceptibility to smoking among 9-12 year old never-smoking children (N=778). We collected cross-sectional survey data from children attending 15 Dutch primary schools. Using structural equation modelling, we assessed direct as well as indirect relationships among study variables. The results showed that children who were exposed to more smoking parents, siblings, and peers perceived more pros of smoking. Additionally, parental smoking was associated with higher perceived safety of casual smoking and more cue-triggered wanting to smoke. In turn, perceiving a higher safety of casual smoking and more cue-triggered wanting to smoke were associated with a higher susceptibility to smoking in children. No direct effects of environmental smoking on children's susceptibility to smoking were found. However, parental smoking was associated with children's susceptibility to smoking through children's perceived safety of casual smoking and cue-triggered wanting to smoke. The present study indicates that pre-adolescents may already display favourable smoking-related cognitions and that these cognitions may be an early indicator of a child's vulnerability to smoking. Environmental smoking, particularly parental smoking, is associated with more favourable smoking-related cognitions in never-smoking children. In the intergenerational transmission of smoking from parents to children, children's risk perceptions of smoking and the experience of cue-triggered wanting to smoke may constitute mechanisms of action, which need to be investigated in longitudinal research.
环境吸烟对儿童健康有许多不良影响，而儿童经常接触环境吸烟。在本研究中，我们调查了环境吸烟（父母吸烟、兄弟姐妹吸烟、同伴吸烟）在与吸烟相关的认知（吸烟的好处、偶然吸烟的安全性感知、吸烟线索触发的吸烟欲望）和 9-12 岁从不吸烟儿童（N=778）对吸烟的易感性中的作用。我们从 15 所荷兰小学的儿童那里收集了横断面调查数据。使用结构方程模型，我们评估了研究变量之间的直接和间接关系。结果表明，接触到更多吸烟父母、兄弟姐妹和同伴的儿童认为吸烟的好处更多。此外，父母吸烟与更高的偶然吸烟安全性感知和更强的吸烟线索触发的吸烟欲望有关。反过来，更高的偶然吸烟安全性感知和更强的吸烟线索触发的吸烟欲望与儿童更高的吸烟易感性有关。未发现环境吸烟对儿童吸烟易感性的直接影响。然而，父母吸烟通过儿童对偶然吸烟安全性的感知和吸烟线索触发的吸烟欲望与儿童的吸烟易感性有关。本研究表明，青少年前可能已经表现出对吸烟的有利认知，而这些认知可能是儿童对吸烟易感性的早期指标。环境吸烟，特别是父母吸烟，与从不吸烟儿童中更有利的吸烟相关认知有关。在父母向子女吸烟的代际传播中，儿童对吸烟的风险认知和吸烟线索触发的吸烟欲望的体验可能是作用机制，需要在纵向研究中进行调查。
