Institute of Transport Economics, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway; Aalborg University, Department of Development and Planning, Fibigerstræde 13, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Nov;60:254-67. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.017. Epub 2012 Jul 9.
This paper is a corrigendum to a previously published paper where errors were detected. The errors have been corrected in this paper. The paper is otherwise identical to the previously published paper. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that have assessed the risk of accident associated with the use of drugs when driving is presented. The meta-analysis included 66 studies containing a total of 264 estimates of the effects on accident risk of using illicit or prescribed drugs when driving. Summary estimates of the odds ratio of accident involvement are presented for amphetamines, analgesics, anti-asthmatics, anti-depressives, anti-histamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, penicillin and zopiclone (a sleeping pill). For most of the drugs, small or moderate increases in accident risk associated with the use of the drugs were found. Information about whether the drugs were actually used while driving and about the doses used was often imprecise. Most studies that have evaluated the presence of a dose-response relationship between the dose of drugs taken and the effects on accident risk confirm the existence of a dose-response relationship. Use of drugs while driving tends to have a larger effect on the risk of fatal and serious injury accidents than on the risk of less serious accidents (usually property-damage-only accidents). The quality of the studies that have assessed risk varied greatly. There was a tendency for the estimated effects of drug use on accident risk to be smaller in well-controlled studies than in poorly controlled studies. Evidence of publication bias was found for some drugs. The associations found cannot be interpreted as causal relationships, principally because most studies do not control very well for potentially confounding factors.
本文是对先前发表的一篇论文的勘误，该论文中发现了错误。这些错误在本文中已得到更正。本文与先前发表的论文内容完全相同。本文呈现了一项对评估与驾驶相关的药物使用事故风险的研究进行系统综述和荟萃分析。荟萃分析共纳入了 66 项研究，这些研究共包含了 264 项关于驾驶时使用非法或处方药物对事故风险影响的评估结果。本文对涉及安非他命、止痛药、抗哮喘药、抗抑郁药、抗组胺药、苯二氮䓬类、大麻、可卡因、阿片类药物、青霉素和佐匹克隆（一种安眠药）的意外事故发生率的比值比的汇总估计值进行了呈现。对于大多数药物，发现与使用这些药物相关的事故风险略有增加或中度增加。关于药物实际使用情况以及使用剂量的信息往往不够准确。大多数评估药物剂量与事故风险之间的剂量-反应关系的研究都证实了这种关系的存在。驾驶时使用药物往往会对致命和严重伤害事故的风险产生更大的影响，而不是对不太严重的事故（通常是仅造成财产损失的事故）的风险产生更大的影响。评估药物使用风险的研究的质量差异很大。在控制较好的研究中，药物使用对事故风险的估计影响往往小于控制较差的研究。对于某些药物，发现了发表偏倚的证据。由于大多数研究不能很好地控制潜在的混杂因素，因此发现的关联不能解释为因果关系。
