药物驾驶：对牙买加与大麻影响下驾驶相关因素的二次分析。
Drug driving: a secondary analysis of factors associated with driving under the influence of cannabis in Jamaica.
机构信息
Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2024 Jan 22;14(1):e078437. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078437.
OBJECTIVES
To determine cannabis use patterns, the predictive sociodemographic correlates of driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and the association between risk perception and cannabis dependence among vehicle drivers in Jamaica.
DESIGN
Secondary data analysis.
SETTING
Used the Jamaica National Drug Prevalence Survey 2016 dataset.
PARTICIPANTS
1060 vehicle drivers extracted from the population sample of 4623.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Analysis used Pearson's χ test and logistic regression. ORs and 95% CIs were recorded. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
More than 10% of Jamaican drivers admitted to DUIC in the past year. Approximately 43.3% of drivers who currently use cannabis reported DUIC only. Evidently, 86.8% of drivers who DUIC were heavy cannabis users. Approximately 30% of drivers with moderate to high-risk perception of smoking cannabis sometimes or often were dependent on cannabis. Notwithstanding, drivers with no to low-risk perception of smoking cannabis sometimes or often were significantly likelier to be dependent (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Logistic regression highlighted male drivers (OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.59 to 14.20, p=0.009) that were 34 years and under (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.71 to 5.29, p<0.001) and were the head of the household (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.75, p=0.031) and operated a machine as part of their job (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.24, p=0.023) were more likely to DUIC, while those who were married (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.74, p=0.004) and had achieved a tertiary-level education (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.76, p=0.031) were less likely.
CONCLUSIONS
Two in five Jamaican drivers, who currently smoke cannabis, drive under its influence, with over 85% engaging in heavy use. Public health implications necessitate policy-makers consider mobile roadside drug testing and amending drug-driving laws to meet international standards.
目的
确定大麻使用模式，驾驶受大麻影响（DUIC）的预测社会人口学相关因素，以及风险认知与牙买加机动车驾驶员大麻依赖之间的关系。
设计
二次数据分析。
地点
使用 2016 年牙买加全国毒品流行情况调查数据集。
参与者
从 4623 人的总体样本中提取出 1060 名机动车驾驶员。
主要和次要结果
分析采用 Pearson χ 检验和逻辑回归。记录比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。p<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
超过 10%的牙买加驾驶员承认在过去一年中有过 DUIC 行为。大约 43.3%的目前使用大麻的驾驶员报告仅发生过 DUIC。显然，86.8%的 DUIC 驾驶员是重度大麻使用者。大约 30%的中度至高度风险认知的大麻吸食者有时或经常依赖大麻。然而，无到低度风险认知的大麻吸食者有时或经常更有可能依赖大麻（分别为 p<0.001 和 p<0.001）。逻辑回归强调了男性驾驶员（OR 4.14，95%CI 1.59 至 14.20，p=0.009）、年龄在 34 岁及以下（OR 2.97，95%CI 1.71 至 5.29，p<0.001）、作为家庭户主（OR 2.22，95%CI 1.10 至 4.75，p=0.031）和从事机器操作工作（OR 1.87，95%CI 1.09 至 3.24，p=0.023）的驾驶员更有可能 DUIC，而已婚驾驶员（OR 0.42，95%CI 0.22 至 0.74，p=0.004）和接受过高等教育（OR 0.26，95%CI 0.06 至 0.76，p=0.031）的驾驶员则不太可能 DUIC。
结论
牙买加五分之二的目前吸食大麻的驾驶员在吸食大麻后开车，其中超过 85%的人属于重度使用者。公共卫生方面的考虑需要政策制定者考虑移动路边毒品检测，并修订毒品驾驶法律以符合国际标准。
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