McEvoy C L, Holley P E
Department of Aging and Mental Health, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612-3899.
Psychol Aging. 1990 Dec;5(4):589-96. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.5.4.589.
Age effects in cued recall were investigated as a function of activation and sampling of preexisting associates of the test cue. Young adults, community-dwelling elderly, and elderly patients studied lists of unrelated words and were tested with extralist cues. Preexperimental strength between test cues and studied words was manipulated to discern differences in activation, and normative size of the set of associates was manipulated to discern differences in sampling. Test delay and prior testing were also manipulated in Experiment 1. Although large age effects were found with phonemic and taxonomic test cues, young and older subjects showed comparable effects of strength and set size, suggesting that age effects were not due to activation and sampling differences. Test delay and prior testing also had comparable effects. Implications for age effects in episodic cued recall are discussed.
线索回忆中的年龄效应作为测试线索先前关联的激活和抽样的函数进行了研究。年轻成年人、社区居住的老年人和老年患者学习不相关单词列表，并使用列表外线索进行测试。操纵测试线索与所学单词之间的实验前强度以辨别激活差异，操纵关联集的规范大小以辨别抽样差异。在实验1中还操纵了测试延迟和先前测试。尽管在音位和分类测试线索中发现了较大的年龄效应，但年轻和年长受试者在强度和集大小方面表现出可比的效应，这表明年龄效应不是由于激活和抽样差异所致。测试延迟和先前测试也有可比的效应。讨论了情景线索回忆中年龄效应的影响。
