Schreiber T A
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045, USA.
Mem Cognit. 1998 May;26(3):553-71. doi: 10.3758/bf03201162.
Target set size refers to the number of preexisting connections a studied word has to closely related concepts in long-term memory. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether target set size influences feeling-of-knowing (FOK) ratings. The results showed that ratings were higher for targets connected to smaller sets, as compared with those connected to larger sets. Comparable effects were obtained with the use of different encoding strategies, including concreteness classifications and vowel naming, and with both meaningfully and phonologically related test cues. These findings indicate that FOKs are sensitive to competition between concepts linked to the target and that this sensitivity is independent of encoding strategy and type of test cue. Response time measures indicated that FOKs are sensitive to competition that arises when concepts are activated in parallel, whereas recall is more sensitive to competition that arises during sampling associated with search. Implications for various cue-based and target-based explanations of FOK effects are discussed.
目标集大小指的是一个被研究单词在长期记忆中与紧密相关概念预先存在的连接数量。本研究的目的是确定目标集大小是否会影响知晓感（FOK）评分。结果表明，与连接到较大集合的目标相比，连接到较小集合的目标的评分更高。使用不同的编码策略（包括具体性分类和元音命名）以及有意义和语音相关的测试线索都获得了类似的效果。这些发现表明，知晓感对与目标相关联的概念之间的竞争敏感，并且这种敏感性与编码策略和测试线索的类型无关。反应时间测量表明，知晓感对概念并行激活时产生的竞争敏感，而回忆对搜索相关采样过程中产生的竞争更敏感。讨论了对基于各种线索和基于目标的知晓感效应解释的影响。
