McEvoy C L, Holley P E, Nelson D L
Department of Aging and Mental Health, University of South Florida 33612-3899, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1995 Sep;10(3):314-24. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.10.3.314.
In 2 experiments, young and old adults were compared on cued recall using direct and indirect test instructions. Participants studied words under an incidental orienting task of rating each word for concreteness. Test cues were meaningfully related to the targets, and participants used them either to recall the studied word (direct test) or to generate a related word (indirect test). Target words and test cues varied in the number of associates linked to them prior to the laboratory experience, and effects of the size of the sets of associates were used as indicators of implicit memory search. Age differences were observed in the effects of target and cue set size as well as in the effects of type of test instruction.
在两项实验中，对年轻人和老年人在使用直接和间接测试指令的线索回忆方面进行了比较。参与者在一项附带的定向任务（即对每个单词的具体程度进行评级）下学习单词。测试线索与目标有意义地相关，参与者要么使用它们来回忆所学单词（直接测试），要么生成一个相关单词（间接测试）。目标单词和测试线索在实验室体验之前与之相关联的联想数量上有所不同，联想集大小的影响被用作内隐记忆搜索的指标。在目标和线索集大小的影响以及测试指令类型的影响方面观察到了年龄差异。
