Perlmutter M
J Gerontol. 1979 Jul;34(4):533-9. doi: 10.1093/geronj/34.4.533.
Adults in their twenties and sixties were tested for free recall, cued recall, and recognition of words that they had studied in an intentional memory task or generated associations to in an incidental orienting task. Significant age-related declines in performances on intentional items were observed regardless of type of memory test. Significant age-related declines in performance on incidental items were also observed on free and cued recall tests; however, age differences on incidental items were attenuated on cued recall tests, and they were eliminated on recognition tests. In addition, while younger subjects profited more from retrieval cues that were associations they had themselves generated than from retrieval cues that were normed common associations, older subjects made comparable use of these two cue types.
对二三十岁和六十多岁的成年人进行了测试，以考察他们对在有意记忆任务中学习过的单词或在偶然定向任务中生成关联的单词的自由回忆、线索回忆和识别能力。无论记忆测试的类型如何，都观察到在有意项目上的表现存在显著的年龄相关下降。在自由回忆和线索回忆测试中，也观察到在偶然项目上的表现存在显著的年龄相关下降；然而，在线索回忆测试中，偶然项目上的年龄差异有所减弱，而在识别测试中则消除了。此外，虽然年轻受试者从他们自己生成的关联检索线索中比从标准化的常见关联检索线索中获益更多，但年长受试者对这两种线索类型的使用相当。
