Kulis Stephen S, Marsiglia Flavio F, Kopak Albert M, Olmsted Maureen E, Crossman Ashley
Arizona State University, Phoenix.
J Early Adolesc. 2012 Apr 1;32(2):165-199. doi: 10.1177/0272431610384484. Epub 2010 Nov 4.
This study examined interactive relationships among ethnic identity, gender, time in the US, and changes in substance use outcomes among a school-based sample of 1,731 Mexican-heritage preadolescents (ages 9-13). Residual change multilevel models adjusting for school clustering and using multiply imputed data assessed changes from beginning to end of fifth grade in use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and inhalants, and four substance use antecedents. Effects of ethnic identity were conditional on time in the US, and in opposite directions by gender. Among males living longer in the US, stronger ethnic identity predicted desirable changes in all but one outcome (substance offers). Among females living longer in the US, stronger ethnic identity predicted undesirable changes in alcohol use, pro-drug norms, and peer substance use. Interpretations focus on differential exposure to substance use opportunities and the erosion of traditional gender role socialization among Mexican-heritage youth having lived longer in the US.
本研究调查了1731名墨西哥裔青少年(9至13岁)的学校样本中,种族认同、性别、在美国的时间以及物质使用结果变化之间的交互关系。调整学校聚类并使用多重填补数据的残差变化多层次模型,评估了五年级开始到结束时酒精、香烟、大麻和吸入剂的使用变化,以及四种物质使用前因。种族认同的影响取决于在美国的时间,且因性别而异。在美国居住时间较长的男性中,更强的种族认同预示着除一项结果(物质供应)外所有结果的理想变化。在美国居住时间较长的女性中,更强的种族认同预示着酒精使用、支持吸毒规范和同伴物质使用方面的不良变化。解释集中在物质使用机会的差异暴露,以及在美国居住时间较长的墨西哥裔青少年中传统性别角色社会化的侵蚀。