Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e39820. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039820. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
The CUPID (Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability) study was established to explore the hypothesis that common musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associated disability are importantly influenced by culturally determined health beliefs and expectations. This paper describes the methods of data collection and various characteristics of the study sample.
METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A standardised questionnaire covering musculoskeletal symptoms, disability and potential risk factors, was used to collect information from 47 samples of nurses, office workers, and other (mostly manual) workers in 18 countries from six continents. In addition, local investigators provided data on economic aspects of employment for each occupational group. Participation exceeded 80% in 33 of the 47 occupational groups, and after pre-specified exclusions, analysis was based on 12,426 subjects (92 to 1018 per occupational group). As expected, there was high usage of computer keyboards by office workers, while nurses had the highest prevalence of heavy manual lifting in all but one country. There was substantial heterogeneity between occupational groups in economic and psychosocial aspects of work; three- to five-fold variation in awareness of someone outside work with musculoskeletal pain; and more than ten-fold variation in the prevalence of adverse health beliefs about back and arm pain, and in awareness of terms such as "repetitive strain injury" (RSI).
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The large differences in psychosocial risk factors (including knowledge and beliefs about MSDs) between occupational groups should allow the study hypothesis to be addressed effectively.
CUPID（文化和心理社会因素对残疾的影响）研究旨在探索以下假设，即常见的肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）及其相关残疾受到文化决定的健康信念和期望的重要影响。本文介绍了数据收集的方法以及研究样本的各种特征。
方法/主要发现：使用标准化问卷涵盖肌肉骨骼症状、残疾和潜在风险因素，从六大洲 18 个国家的 47 个护士、办公室工作人员和其他（主要是体力）工作人员样本中收集信息。此外，当地研究人员为每个职业群体提供了与就业相关的经济方面的数据。33 个职业群体中有 33 个群体的参与率超过 80%，在进行了预先规定的排除后，分析基于 12426 名受试者（每个职业群体 92 至 1018 名）。正如预期的那样，办公室工作人员大量使用计算机键盘，而护士在除一个国家以外的所有国家中都有最高的重体力搬运比例。职业群体之间在工作的经济和心理社会方面存在很大差异；有三到五倍的差异是在工作之外有肌肉骨骼疼痛的人意识；对背部和手臂疼痛的不良健康信念以及对术语（如“重复性劳损”（RSI））的认识有十倍以上的差异。
结论/意义：职业群体之间在心理社会风险因素（包括对 MSD 的知识和信念）方面存在很大差异，这应该可以有效地解决研究假设。
