Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2012 Aug;42(8):670-85. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hys104. Epub 2012 Jul 13.
Among various types of ion species, carbon ions are considered to have the most balanced, optimal properties in terms of possessing physically and biologically effective dose localization in the body. This is due to the fact that when compared with photon beams, carbon ion beams offer improved dose distribution, leading to the concentration of the sufficient dose within a target volume while minimizing the dose in the surrounding normal tissues. In addition, carbon ions, being heavier than protons, provide a higher biological effectiveness, which increases with depth, reaching the maximum at the end of the beam's range. This is practically an ideal property from the standpoint of cancer radiotherapy. Clinical studies have been carried out in the world to confirm the efficacy of carbon ions against a variety of tumors as well as to develop effective techniques for delivering an efficient dose to the tumor. Through clinical experiences of carbon ion radiotherapy at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences and Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, a significant reduction in the overall treatment time with acceptable toxicities has been obtained in almost all types of tumors. This means that carbon ion radiotherapy has meanwhile achieved for itself a solid place in general practice. This review describes clinical results of carbon ion radiotherapy together with physical, biological and technological aspects of carbon ions.
在各种类型的离子物种中，碳离子被认为在身体内具有物理和生物有效剂量定位方面具有最平衡、最佳的特性。这是因为与光子束相比，碳离子束提供了更好的剂量分布，导致在目标体积内集中足够的剂量，同时使周围正常组织的剂量最小化。此外，碳离子比质子重，提供更高的生物学效应，这种效应随深度增加，在束流射程的末端达到最大值。从癌症放射治疗的角度来看，这实际上是一种理想的特性。世界范围内已经开展了临床研究，以证实碳离子对各种肿瘤的疗效，并开发将有效剂量输送到肿瘤的有效技术。通过日本国立放射科学研究所和德国重离子研究中心的碳离子放射治疗临床经验，几乎所有类型的肿瘤的总治疗时间都显著缩短，同时毒性可接受。这意味着碳离子放射治疗已经在一般实践中获得了坚实的地位。本综述描述了碳离子放射治疗的临床结果，以及碳离子的物理、生物和技术方面。
