van Noordt Stefon J R, Segalowitz Sidney J
Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Brock University ON, Canada.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2012 Jul 11;6:197. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00197. eCollection 2012.
The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is central to self-regulation and has been implicated in generating a cluster of event-related potential components, collectively referred to as medial frontal negativities (MFNs). These MFNs are elicited while individuals monitor behavioral and environmental consequences, and include the error-related negativity, Nogo N2, and the feedback-related negativity. A growing cognitive and affective neuroscience literature indicates that the activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and surrounding medial prefrontal regions during performance monitoring is not only influenced by task context, but that these patterns of activity also vary as a function of individual differences (e.g., personality, temperament, clinical and non-clinical symptomatology, socio-political orientation, and genetic polymorphisms), as well as interactions between individual differences and task context. In this review we survey the neuroscience literature on the relations between performance monitoring, personality, task context, and brain functioning with a focus on the MPFC. We relate these issues to the role of affect in the paradigms used to elicit performance-monitoring neural responses and highlight some of the theoretical and clinical implications of this research. We conclude with a discussion of the complexity of these issues and how some of the basic assumptions required for their interpretation may be clarified with future research.
内侧前额叶皮质（MPFC）是自我调节的核心，并且与一系列事件相关电位成分的产生有关，这些成分统称为内侧额叶负波（MFNs）。当个体监测行为和环境后果时会引发这些MFNs，包括错误相关负波、Nogo N2和反馈相关负波。越来越多的认知和情感神经科学文献表明，在绩效监测过程中前扣带回皮质（ACC）和周围内侧前额叶区域的激活不仅受任务背景的影响，而且这些活动模式也会因个体差异（如个性、气质、临床和非临床症状、社会政治取向以及基因多态性）以及个体差异与任务背景之间的相互作用而有所不同。在这篇综述中，我们调查了关于绩效监测、个性、任务背景和脑功能之间关系的神经科学文献，重点关注MPFC。我们将这些问题与情感在用于引发绩效监测神经反应的范式中的作用联系起来，并强调这项研究的一些理论和临床意义。我们最后讨论了这些问题的复杂性，以及如何通过未来的研究来澄清解释这些问题所需的一些基本假设。
